Chapter 1 Overview of HVDC Transmission System 1.1 Overview of the Development of HVDC Transmission Technology 1.2 Technical Characteristics of HVDC Transmission 1.2.1 Advantages of HVDC Transmission 1.2.2 Disadvantages of HVDC Transmission 1.3 Structure of HVDC Transmission System 1.3.1 Two-Terminal HVDC Transmission 1.3.2 Monopolar DC Transmission 1.3.3 Bipolar System 1.3.4 Back-to-Back DC System 1.3.5 Multi-Terminal DC System Chapter 2 Thyristor-Based Conversion and Configuration of Converter?Station 2.1 Thyristor 2.1.1 Thyristor Structure 2.1.2 Dynamic Characteristics of Thyristor 2.1.3 Trigger of Thyristor 2.1.4 Thyristors in Series 2.2 Thyristor Commutation Technology 2.2.1 Line-Commutated Converters 2.2.2 Analysis of Six-Pulse Rectifier 2.2.3 Analysis of Six-Pulse Inverter 2.2.4 DC Voltage of Six-Pulse Converter 2.2.5 DC Voltage of Twelve-Pulse Converter 2.3 Composition and Arrangement of Converter Station 2.4 Equipment in Converter Station 2.4.1 Converter Valve 2.4.2 Converter Transformer 2.4.3 Smoothing Reactor 2.4.4 AC Filter 2.4.5 DC Filter 2.4.6 Reactive Power Compensation 2.4.7 Other Equipments 2.5 Main Connection of Converter Station 2.5.1 Wiring of Converters 2.5.2 Connection Between the Converter Transformer and the Converter?Valves 2.5.3 AC Filter Access System 2.5.4 DC Switchyard Wiring 2.6 Converter Control Mode and Configuration 2.6.1 Converter Control Mode 2.6.2 Converter Control Configuration 2.6.3 Controller Model of Converter Chapter 3 Operating Characteristics and Fault Analysis of DC System 3.1 Steady-State Operating Characteristics of DC System 3.1.1 Operating External Characteristics of DC System 3.1.2 Power Characteristics of Converter 3.1.3 Harmonic Characteristics of Converter 3.2 Reactive Power Balance in DC System 3.3 Operation Mode of DC Transmission System 3.3.1 Operation Wiring Mode 3.3.2 Full-Voltage Operation and Reduced-Voltage Operation
3.3.3 Power Forward and Reverse Transmission Mode 3.3.4 Bipolar Symmetry and Asymmetry Operation Mode 3.4 Failure Analysis of DC Transmission System 3.4.1 Converter Failure 3.4.2 Fault on DC Side of Converter Station 3.4.3 Fault on AC Side of Converter Station 3.4.4 HVDC Line Fault and Grounding Electrode Fault Chapter 4 Temporary and Switching Overvoltages in HVDC Converter?Station 4.1 Overvoltage from AC Side of the Converter Station 4.1.1 Ground Fault on AC Side 4.1.2 Clearing of Ground Fault on AC Side 4.1.3 Switching of Converter Transformer 4.1.4 Operating Lines on AC Side 4.1.5 Operating Filters at Converter Station 4.1.6 Overvoltage at Load Rejection 4.2 Overvoltage from DC Side of the Converter Station 4.2.1 Commissioning or Decommissioning of Twelve Pulse Converter 4.2.2 Short Circuit to Ground on Valve Side of Converter Transformer 4.2.3 Overvoltage Generated on the Converter Valve Bridge 4.2.4 Ground Fault on DC Side Line 4.3 Losing of AC Power on the Inverter Side 4.4 Commutation Failure 4.4.1 Analysis of Commutation Failure Process 4.4.2 Reactive Power Fluctuation Caused by Commutation Failure 4.4.3 Transient Overvoltage Characteristics Caused by Commutation Failure 4.4.4 Influence of Control System Parameters on Overvoltage Caused by Commutation Failure 4.5 Fault on Neutral Bus 4.6 Open Circuit Fault on Grounding Electrode Lead Chapter 5 Lightning and Steep Front Overvoltage in HVDC Converter?Station 5.1 Lightning Simulation 5.1.1 Types of Lightning Stroke 5.1.2 Lightning Current 5.1.3 Lightning Stroke Density and Point 5.2 Lightning Overvoltage on AC Side 5.2.1 Lightning Overvoltage due to Shielding Failure 5.2.2 Lightning Overvoltage of Return Stroke 5.2.3 Induced Lightning Overvoltage 5.2.4 Lightning Intrusive Surge 5.3 Shielding Failure in AC and DC Switchyards 5.4 Lightning Overvoltage on Line of DC Side 5.4.1 Computation Models 5.4.2 Lightning Overvoltage of Shielding Failure on Line of DC Side 5.4.3 Return Stroke Overvoltage on Line on the DC Side 5.5 Steep Front Surge 5.5.1 Short Circuit or Flashover to Earth 5.5.2 All Turned-on of Converter Valves and Mis-operation of Bypass Pair in Part of Converters 5.6 Simulation Model and Research Method of Overvoltage 5.6.1 System Simulation Model 5.6.2 Research Methods for Determination of Overvoltage Chapter 6 Insulation Coordination Metho d for HVDC Converte 6.1 Principles and Methods of Insulation Coordination 6.1.1 Principles of Insulation Coordination 6.1.2 Methods of Insulation Coordination 6.2 Active Insulation Coordination Procedure 6.2.1 Equipment Layout of Converter Station 6.2.2 Active Coordination of Control Protection System 6.3 Insulation Level Selection for Main Equipment in Converter Station 6.3.1 Insulation Margin 6.3.2 Determination of Insulation Level 6.4 Selection of Minimum Air Gap Distance for Converter Station 6.4.1 Withstand Voltage of Air Gap 6.4.2 Withstand Voltage of Non-self-restor ing Insulation 6.4.3 Valve Hall 6.4.4 DC Switchyard 6.5 External Insulation Design of Equipment DC Switchyard at Converter Station 6.6 Insulation Coordination Methods for Lightning Impulse and Steep-front Impulse 6.6.1 Insulation Coordination Methods for Lightning Impulse 6.6.2 Insulation Coordination Methods for Steep-front Impulse 6.7 Cases of Insulation Coordination of Converter Station 6.7.1 Protection Scheme for Arrester 6.7.2 Overvoltage Protection of Converter Station 6.7.3 Arrester Parameters 6.7.4 Insulation Level of Converter Station Equipment Chapter 7 Arrester Configuration of HVDC Converter Station 7.1 DC Arrester 7.1.1 Characteristics of DC Arrester 7.1.2 Characteristics and Performance Parameters of DC Arrester 7.2 Arrester Configuration of DC Converter Station 7.2.1 Configuration Principle 7.2.2 Key Factors in Selecting Arrester Parameters 7.2.3 Configuration Method of Arrester 7.3 Arrester Parameters Selection 7.3.1 Basic Parameter Selection Principles 7.3.2 AC Arrester Parameters 7.3.3 DC Arrester Parameters 7.4 Arrester Current Capacity 7.5 Configuration Cases of Arresters f or±500kV and ±800kV Converter?Stations 7.5.1 Configuration Cases of Arresters for±500kV Converter Station 7.5.2 Configuration Cases of Arresters for±800kV Converter Station 7.6 Arrester Tests 7.6.1 Reference Voltage at DC current of 1mA 7.6.2 Leakage Current under Power Frequency Reference Voltage and?Continuous Operating Voltage 7.6.3 Current Capacity Test of Arrester References
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