目錄
Introduction
Some Background to my Notes on Fermi's Neutron Physics Lectures (Los Alamos, 1945), by Anthony P. French
Neutron Physics
Neutron Physics - A Course of Lectures by E. Fermi
1. Sources of Neutrons
1.1 Natural Sources
1.1.1 Alpha Particle Sources
1.1.2 Photo-Neutron Sources
1.2 Artificial Sources
2. The Isotopic Chart: Nuclear Masses and Energies
2.1 The Isotopic Chart
2.2 Energy Balance of Reactions
2.3 The Binding Energies of Nuclei
2.4 The Packing Fraction Curve
3. The Scattering of Neutrons (Part 1)
3.1 General Considerations
3.2 Elementary Theoretical Treatment
3.2.1 Elastic Scattering
3.2.2 Inelastic (n,n) Scattering
3.2.3 Inelastic (n,m) Scattering
3.2.4 Inelastic (n,γ) Scattering
4. Resonance: Models of the Nucleus
4.1 Resonance in Nuclear Reactions
4.2 Two Models of the Nucleus
5. The Scattering of Neutrons (Part 2)
5.1 The Solution of Schrdinger's Equation
5.2 The Scattering Cross Section
5.3 Neutron-Proton scattering
5.4 The Breit-Wigner Formula
5.5 The Effect of Chemical Binding on Scattering
5.6 Scattering Cross Section for Other Elements
6. Slow Neutrons as Waves
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Isotopic Effects
6.3 Penetration by Thermal Neutrons
6.4 The Production of Very Slow Neutrons
6.5 Reflection and Refraction
7. The Slowing Down of Neutrons
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Energy Loss in One Collision
7.3 Many Collisions
7.4 The Spatial Distribution of Slowed Neutrons
7.5 Theory of the Spatial Distribution
8. The Age Equation
8.1 Derivation of the Age Equation
8.1.1 Diffusion
8.1.2 Energy Drift
8.2 The Problem of a Point Source
9. Thermal Neutron Distributions
9.1 The Basic Equation
9.2 Point Source of Slow Neutrons
9.3 Point Source of Fast Neutrons
9.4 Bounded Media
9.5 The Measurement of Diffusion Length
9.6 Diffusion in Graphite
9.7 Some Useful Quantities and Relationships
10. The Reflection of Neutrons
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Approximate Solution of the Escape Problem
10.3 Exact Solution by Integral Equation Method
10.4 The Albedo
10.5 Measurement of the Albedo
11. The Stability of Nuclei
11.1 The Binding Energy of a Nucleus
11.1.1 The Liquid Drop Model
11.1.2 Nuclear Composition
11.1.3 Coulomb Forces
11.1.4 The Odd-Even Effect
11.2 Determination of Coefficients
11.3 The Binding of Neutrons to Nuclei
12. Nuclear Fission
12.1 The Possibility of Fission
12.2 Limitations on the Occurrence of Fission
12.3 The Liquid Drop Model in Fission
12.4 The Particles of Fission
12.5 Cross Sections for Fission and Other Processes
13. The Possibility of a Chain Reaction
13.1 The Properties of Natural Uranium
13.1.1 The High Energy Region
13.1.2 The Thermal Region
13.2 Moderators
13.3 Homogeneous and Lumped Graphite Piles
13.4 The Possibility of a Homogeneous Pile
14. The Heterogeneous Pile
14.1 The Design of a Lumped Pile
14.2 The Determination of Pile Constants
14.2.1 The Magnitude of
14.2.2 (1 fR)
14.2.3 Calculation of fT
14.3 Reproduction Factor and Critical Size
15. The Time Dependence of a Pile
15.1 The Time-Dependent Equations
15.2 Evaluation of the Period
16. Practical Aspects of Pile Physics
16.1 The Determination of k
16.2 The Study of Pile Materials
16.3 Energy and Radiation Production
16.4 Shielding
16.5 Other Types of Piles
17. Fast Reactors
17.1 Elementary Considerations
17.2 The Integral Equation to the Neutron Distribution
17.3 The Critical Size for a Fast Reactor
17.4 Supercritical Reactors
Problems and Exercises
Nuclear Reactors
1. Process for the Production of Radioactive Substances by E. Fermi, E. Amaldi, B. Pontecorvo, F. Rasetti and E. Segr?
2. Test Exponential Pile by E. Fermi
3. Method of Operating a Neutronic Reactor by E. Fermi and L. Szilard
3.1 The Chain Fission Reaction
3.1.1 Neutron Loss by Absorption in Uranium
3.1.2 Neutron Loss by Absorption in the Moderator
3.1.3 Neutron Loss by Absorption by Impurities in the System
3.1.4 Exterior Neutron Loss in a Neutronic Reactor of Practical Size
3.2 Measurement of Neutron Losses
3.3 An Illustrative Neutronic Reactor having a Solid Moderator
3.4 Graphite in the Reactor
3.5 An Illustrative Neutronic Reactor having a Liquid Moderator
3.6 Neutronic Reactors with Other Moderators
3.7 Reduction of Losses Due to Resonance Capture
3.8 Reduction of Neutron Losses Due to Impurities in the Material
3.9 Effect of a Cooling System in a Neutronic Reactor
3.10 An Illustrative Gas-Cooled Neutronic Reactor
3.11 An Illustrative Liquid-Cooled Neutronic Reactor
3.12 Use of Different Lattices in the Same Neutronic Reactor
3.13 Critical and Operating Sizes of Neutronic Reactors
3.14 Control of the Neutronic Reaction by Variation of Neutron Losses in or from the Neutronic Reactor
3.15 Uses of Neutronic Reactors
4. Chain Reacting System by E. Fermi and M.C. Leverett
5. Neutronic Reactor I by E. Fermi
6. Air Cooled Neutronic Reactor by E. Fermi and L. Szilard
7. Testing Material in a Neutronic Reactor by E. Fermi and H.L. Anderson
8. Neutron Velocity Selector by E. Fermi
9. Neutronic Reactor II by E. Fermi and L. Szilard
10. Neutronic Reactor III by E. Fermi, W.H. Zinn and H.L. Anderson
11. Neutronic Reactor IV by E. Fermi and W.H. Zinn
12. Method of Testing Thermal Neutron Fissionable Material for Purity by E. Fermi and H.L. Anderson
13. Method of Sustaining a Neutronic Chain Reacting System by E. Fermi and M.C. Leverett
14. Neutronic Reactor Shield by E. Fermi and W.H. Zinn
Appendix A: Other Documents not Reported in this Volume
Appendix B: The Complete List of Fermi's Papers
Bibliography
Index
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