目錄
1 Introduction
1.1 Basic Principle of Electroslag Remelting Technology
1.2 History of the Development of Electroslag Remelting Technology
1.3 Characteristics of Electroslag Remelting Technology
1.4 High-Quality Special Steel and Its Demand and Application in the National Economy
1.5 The Role and Status of Electroslag Remelting in the Production of High-Quality Special Steel
1.5.1 Production Process of High-Quality Special Steel
1.5.2 The Role and Position of Electroslag Remelting in the Production of High-Quality Special Steel
1.5.3 Application Fields of Electroslag Remelting Steel
1.6 New Generation Electroslag Remelting Theory and Technology
1.6.1 Limitations of Traditional Electroslag Remelting Technology
1.6.2 Theory of Cleanliness Control with Full Parameter Process Stability
1.6.3 Theory of Homogenization Control of Shallow Flat Metal Pool Under Ultra-Fast Cooling and Optimal Melting Rate
1.6.4 Basic Features of the New Generation of ESR Technology
1.7 Future Development Trend of Electroslag Remelting Technology
References
2 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Metallurgical Reactions in Electroslag Remelting Process
2.1 Thermodynamics of Metallurgical Reactions in ESR Process
2.1.1 Overview of Metallurgical Reactions in ESR Process
2.1.2 Source and Control of Oxygen in ESR Process
2.1.3 Deoxidation Thermodynamic Model During ESR Process
2.1.4 Sulfur Capacity Model During ESR Process
2.1.5 Control of Phosphorus Content in ESR Process
2.1.6 Behavior of Hydrogen During ESR Process
2.1.7 ESR Slag for Steel Grades Containing Aluminum and Titanium
2.2 Kinetics of Metallurgical Reactions During ESR Process
2.2.1 Kinetic of Electrode Oxidation in the ESR Process
2.2.2 Kinetic Model for Element Mass Transfer During ESR Process
References
3 Mathematical Simulation of Multi-field Coupling in Electroslag Remelting Process
3.1 Overview of Mathematical Simulation of ESR Process
3.1.1 Electromagnetic Field
3.1.2 Flow Field
3.1.3 Temperature Field
3.1.4 Electromagnetic Field-Flow Field-Temperature Field Coupling Model
3.1.5 Concentration Field
3.1.6 Solidification Structure Evolution
3.2 Mathematical Simulation of Multi-physical Field Coupling in ESR Process
3.2.1 Basic Assumptions
3.2.2 Governed Equations
3.2.3 Moving Grid Technique
3.2.4 Treatment of Metal Droplets
3.2.5 Melt Rate of the Electrode
3.2.6 Boundary Conditions
3.2.7 Model Solution
3.2.8 The Influence of Metal Droplets on the Electromagnetic Field, Flow Field, and Temperature Field of the ESR Process
3.3.2 Model System
3.3.3 Solute Transport Governed Equation
3.3.4 Physical Parameters and Process Parameters
3.3.5 Calculation Flowchart
3.3.6 Experimental Verification Method
3.3.7 Solute Distribution in the ESR Process of GH4169
3.4 Numerical Simulation of Nitrogen Transfer Behavior in the Pressurized Electroslag Remelting (PESR) Process
3.4.1 Mass Transfer Kinetics Module
3.4.2 Model Solution
3.4.3 Simulation Results and Discussion
3.5 Simulation of Solidification Structure During ESR Process
3.5.1 Basic Principles
3.5.2 Basic Assumptions
3.5.3 Governed Equations
3.5.4 Simulation Process
3.5.5 Establishment of ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo ESR Ingot Model and Calculation of Related Parameters
3.5.6 Simulation Results and Verification of Solidification Structure of ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo ESR Ingot
References
4 Theory and Technology of Ingot Quality Control in Electroslag Remelting Process
4.1 Overview of Slag Used in ESR
4.1.1 Composition and Characteristics of Slag Used in ESR
4.1.2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Slag for ESR
4.1.3 Principles for Slag System Selection
4.2 The Influence of Slag System on ESR Process and ESR Steel Quality
4.2.1 The Changes of Slag Composition and Its Influence on the ESR Process
4.2.2 The Effect of Slag System on Hydrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur in ESR Steel
4.2.3 The Impact of Slag System on the Surface Quality of ESR Steel
4.2.4 The Impact of Slag on the Technical and Economic Indicators of ESR Process
4.3 Process Parameters and Their Impact on the Quality of ESR Steel
4.3.1 Basic Process Parameters for ESR Process
4.3.2 The Impact of the Filling Ratio on the Quality of ESR Steel
4.3.3 The Effect of Power Supply Parameters on the Quality of ESR Steel
4.4 Inclusions Control Theory and Technology in ESR process
4.4.1 Removal and Control Theory of Inclusions in ESR Process
4.4.2 Fluoride-Based Slag's Absorption and Dissolution Mechanism for Inclusions in Steel
4.4.3 Inclusions Control Technology and Examples in the ESR Process
4.5 ESR Steel Solidification Quality Control Technology
4.5.1 Progress in Solidification Theory and Engineering Applications
4.5.2 Characteristics of Solidification in ESR Process
4.5.3 ESR Solidification Quality Control Method
References
5 Fully Enclosed Controllable Atmosphere Electroslag Remelting New Technology
5.1 Overview of Controllable Atmosphere ESR Technology
5.2 Inert Gas (Ar, N2) or Dry Air Protection ESR Technology
5.3 Pressurized ESR Technology
5.4 Vacuum ESR Technology
5.
5.5.4 Swing Control Adjustment Electrode Immersion Depth Technology
5.5.5 Online Monitoring Technology of Oxygen Concentration in Mold
5.6 Implementation Effect of Controllable Atmosphere ESR Technology
References
6 Semi-continuous Electroslag Remelting Solid Ingot Technology
6.1 Overview of Semi-continuous Electroslag Remelting Solid Ingot Technology
6.1.1 Development Status of Foreign Semi-continuous ESR Technology
6.1.2 Development Status of Semi-continuous Electroslag Remelting Technology in China
6.2 Numerical Simulation of Semi-continuous ESR Ingot Technology
6.2.1 Model Parameters
6.2.2 The Influence of Remelting Current on Multi-field Coupling Behavior
6.2.3 The Influence of Electric Conduction Mode on Multi-field Coupling Behavior
6.3 Core Technology of Semi-continuous ESR Solid Ingot
6.3.1 Curved Taper Enhanced Cooling Technology
6.3.2 High-Precision Anti-interference Eddy Current and Current Signal Collaborative Detection and Control Liquid Level Technology
6.3.3 New Slag System Technology for Ingot Withdrawal ESR
6.3.4 Shallow Flat Metal Pool Control Technology
6.4 Performance of Semi-continuous ESR Ingot
6.4.1 Quality of Semi-continuous ESR W9Mo3Cr4V Small Square Billet Product
6.4.2 Quality of Semi-continuous ESR Billet Industrial Products
6.5 Typical Application of Semi-continuous ESR Ingot Technology
References
7 Semi-continuous Electroslag Remelting Hollow Ingot Technology
7.1 Overview of Semi-continuous ESR Hollow Ingot Technology
7.1.1 Production Method of Hollow Ingots
7.1.2 ESR Hollow Ingot Technology
7.2 Numerical Simulation of Semi-continuous ESR Hollow Ingot Technology
7.2.1 Multi-physical Field Coupling Mathematical Model of ESR Hollow Ingot Process
7.2.2 Results of Multi-physical Field Coupling Simulation of ESR Hollow Ingot Process
7.2.3 Simulation of Solidification Structure in the Process of ESR Hollow Ingot
7.3 Semi-continuous ESR Hollow Ingot Core Technology
7.3.1 Consumable Electrode Butterfly Arrangement and Process Matching Technology
7.3.2 Friction Force Detection of Inner Mold and Anti-"Bite" Technology of Inner Mold
7.4 Performance of Semi-continuous ESR Hollow Ingot Technology Products
7.4.1 Quality of Semi-continuous ESR Mn18Cr18N Hollow Ingot Products
7.4.2 Quality of Semi-continuous ESR 35CrMo Industrial Hollow Ingot Product
7.5 Typical Applications of Semi-continuous ESR Hollow Ingot Technology
References
8 ESR Technology for Extra-thick Slab Ingots
8.1 Overview of ESR Furnace for Extra-thick Slab
8.1.1 Development Overview of ESR for Extra-thick Slab Ingots
8.1.2 Types and Characteristics of Extra-thick Slab ESR Furnaces
8.2 Numerical Simulation of ESR Process for Extra-thick
8.3.4 Electrode Weighing Technology
8.3.5 Multi-taper Chamfer Mold Technology
8.3.6 Forecast Model for Electrode Oxidation Weight Gain and Steel Composition
8.4 Research on the Surface Quality of Extra-thick ESR Slab
8.4.1 Main Surface Quality Problems of ESR Large Slab Ingots
8.4.2 Main Factors Affecting the Surface Quality of Large-Scale Slab ESR
8.5 Typical Applications of ESR Thick Slab Ingots
8.5.1 Full Series of Thick Steel Plates for Hydropower
8.5.2 Special Thick Steel Plate for Nuclear Power Plant Pressure Vessel
8.5.3 Other Typical Applications
References
9 Extra-large ESR Technology
9.1 Overview of Extra-large ESR Technology at Home and Abroad
9.1.1 Overview of Extra-large ESR Technology
9.1.2 Advantages of ESR in Producing Large Ingots
9.1.3 Challenges in ESR Production of Large Ingots
9.2 Numerical Simulation of Ultra-large ESR Technology
9.2.1 Boundary Conditions
9.2.2 Numerical Simulation of Various Physical Fields Inside the Mold with Single Electrode
9.2.3 Numerical Simulation of Various Physical Fields Inside the Mold with Four-Electrode
9.3 Core Technology of Extra-large ESR
9.3.1 Intensified Cooling Control Technology
9.3.2 Research on Deoxidation System of Large ESR
9.4 ESR of Large Cast Ingot Products and Typical Applications
9.4.1 Nuclear Power Steel
9.4.2 Steel Forgings for Rotors
References
List of Publications
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