目錄
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Slag for Electroslag Remelting
1.1 Electroslag remelting
1.1.1 The melting, casting and solidification of metals take place in a relatively pure environment
1.1.2 Favorable thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for chemical reactions
1.1.3 The directional solidification ensures that the solidification structure of the remelted ingot is uniform and dense
1.1.4 The thin and uniform slag film formed between the water-cooled mold and the solidified steel shell ensures the sound surface of the remelted as-cast ingot
1.2 Role of the slag and its components
1.3 Physical properties of the slag for ESR
1.3.1 Melting temperature
1.3.2 Viscosity
1.3.3 Electrical conductivity
1.3.4 Crystallization characteristics
1.3.5 Evaporation characteristics
1.3.6 Surface tension
1.4 Structure of the slag for ESR
1.4.1 Network former
1.4.2 Network modifier
1.4.3 Network intermediate
References
Chapter 2 Fluoride Evaporation and Crystallization Characteristics of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-(TiO2) Slag
2.1 Background
2.2 Experimental work
2.3 In situ observation of crystallization behaviors
2.4 Crystalline phase and fluoride evaporation from molten slags
2.5 Crystallization mechanism of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-TiO2 slag
2.6 Summary
References
Chapter 3 Development of Dedicated Slag for Drawing-Ingot-Type ESR and Industrial Application
3.1 Background
3.2 Slag design and methodology
3.3 Crystalline phase formation
3.4 Crystallization temperatures and crystallization ability of ESR slags
3.5 SEM-EDS observation of crystals and their morphologies
3.6 In-mold performance of the slags during drawing-ingot-type ESR industrial applications
3.7 Billet production by ESRR with a current-carrying mold
3.8 Summary
References
Chapter 4 Low-Fluoride 20 mass% CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-3 mass%MgO-(Li2O) Slag for ESR
4.1 Background
4.2 Experimental work
4.3 Effect of CaF2 substitution with Li2O on the viscosity of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO slag
4.4 Temperature dependence and activation energy for viscous flow
4.5 Effect of Li2O on slag structure and its correlation to viscosity
4.6 Summary
References
Chapter 5 Crystallization and Structure of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-(SiO2)-(B2O3) Slag
5.1 Background
5.2 Slag design and methodology
5.3 Crystalline phase formation and crystallization temperature
5.4 XRD identification of crystalline phases
5.5 SEM-EDS observation of crystalline phases in slag
5.6 Role of SiO2 and B2O3 on slag structure and its correlation with crystallization
5.7 Summary
References
Chapter 6 Melting, Viscosity and Surface Tension of 40 mass%CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-(SiO2)-(B2O3) Slag
6.1 Background
6.2 Experimental work
6.3 Structure of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-(SiO2)-(B2O3) slag
6.4 Effect of SiO2 and B2O3 on slag viscosity
6.5 Effect of SiO2 and B2O3 on activation energy for viscous flow
6.6 Effect of SiO2 and B2O3 on surface tension of slag
6.7 Summary
References
Chapter 7 Low-Fluoride CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3-(Li2O) Slag: Melting, Structure and Viscosity
7.1 Background
7.2 Slag design and methodology
7.3 Structure analysis using Raman spectroscopy
7.4 Structure characterization using MAS-NMR
7.4.1 27Al MAS-NMR spectroscopy
7.4.2 29Si MAS-NMR spectroscopy
7.4.3 11B MAS-NMR spectroscopy
7.5 Viscosity and its correlation with structure of slag
7.6 Summary
References
Chapter 8 Low-Fluoride CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-B2O3-(SiO2)-(BaO) Slag: Structure and Viscosity
8.1 Background
8.2 Experimental work
8.3 Raman spectra analysis of the slag
8.4 Structure analysis of the slag using MAS-NMR
8.4.1 27Al MAS-NMR spectra
8.4.2 29Si MAS-NMR spectra
8.4.3 11B MAS-NMR spectra
8.5 Discussion on slag structural evolution with varying CaO/SiO2 and BaO/CaO mass ratios
8.6 Effect of CaO/SiO2 and BaO/CaO mass ratios on the viscous behavior
8.7 Summary
References
Chapter 9 CaF2-Al2O3-SiO2-CaO-(Li2O) Slag for Electroslag Remelting of Sulfur-Bearing Free-Cutting Steel
9.1 Background
9.2 Slag design and methodology
9.2.1 Sample preparation
9.2.2 Structure characterization
9.2.3 Viscosity measurement
9.2.4 SHTT measurements of non-isothermal crystallization
9.2.5 XRD and SEM-EDS analysis
9.3 Structure analysis
9.3.1 Raman spectroscopy
9.3.2 27Al MAS-NMR spectroscopy
9.4 Viscosity and its relationship with structure
9.5 Crystallization characteristics
9.5.1 In situ observation of non-isothermal crystallization
9.5.2 XRD and SEM-EDS analysis
9.6 Summary
References
Chapter 10 35 mass%CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2 Slag for ESR of Ti-Containing Steel
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Experimental work
10.3 Effect of TiO2 on the slag viscosity
10.4 Effect of TiO2 on the activation energy for viscous flow
10.5 Effect of TiO2 on slag structure and its correlation to viscosity
10.6 Summary
References
Chapter 11 CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2 Slag for ESR of Ti-Containing Alloy and Application Practice
11.1 Background
11.2 Experimental work
11.3 Non-isothermal crystallization behavior of TiO2-bearing slag melts
11.4 Crystallization temperature and crystallization ability of TiO2-bearing slags
11.5 Crystalline phases in the TiO2-bearing slags
11.6 Effect of TiO2 on viscosity of the molten slag
11.7 In-mold performance of the CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-(TiO2) slags in laboratory-scale ESR practices
11.8 In-mold performance of the TiO2-bearing slag in ESR industrial practices
11.9 Summary
References
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