內容大鋼
本書全面系統總結了中國當代環境管理政策與制度的發展歷程，生動展現真實、立體的中國環境管理全貌，為推動「一帶一路」綠色發展傳播中國聲音。全書共19章，第1章是環境管理行政管理的演變；第2章闡述了環境管理指導思想的產生和發展；第3章至第16章介紹我國主要環境管理政策與制度的發展歷程、特點及其成效，包括環境規劃制度、環境影響評價制度、「三同時」制度、排污收費和環境保護稅制度、環境保護目標責任制、排污許可制度、污染集中控制、總量控制制度、公眾參與制度與環境信息公開制度、生態環境分區管控制度、區域聯防聯控、生態環境損害賠償制度、清潔生產制度、生態補償制度等；從第17章到第19章，介紹了我國環境保護在大氣、水和土壤方面的重要任務。最後給出了主要法律、法規、條例、措施等的中英文對照表，以供參考。
本書可供高等院校環境專業學生作為教材使用，還可供從事環境保護、環境管理等領域的科研人員閱讀參考。
目錄
Chapter 1 Administration on Environmental Management
1.1 The History of the MEE
1.2 Structure and Functions of the MEE
Chapter 2 Evolution of China's Environmental Policy
2.1 In the 1970s: The Principles of National Environmental Protection
2.2 In the 1980s: The Principles of Three-Simultaneity and Three-Unification
2.3 In the 1990s: Sustainable Development
2.4 In the 2000s: Scientific Outlook on Development
2.5 In the 2010s: Ecological Civilization
2.6 Concluding Remark
Reference
Chapter 3 Environmental Planning
3.1 The Development of Environmental Planning
3.2 Environmental Protection and the Plan of National Economic and Social Development
3.2.1 Environmental Protection During the 6 FYP (1981-1985)
3.2.2 Environmental Protection During the 7 FYP (1986-1990)
3.2.3 Environmental Protection During the 8 FYP (1991-1995)
3.2.4 Environmental Protection During the 9 FYP (1996-2000)
3.2.5 Environmental Protection During the 10 FYP (2001-2005)
3.2.6 Environmental Protection During the 11 FYP (2006-2010)
3.2.7 Environmental Protection During the 12 FYP (2011-2015)
3.2.8 Ecological and Environmental Protection During the 13 FYP (2016-2020)
3.3 The Coordination and Integration of Multiple Plans
References
Chapter 4 Environmental Impact Assessment
4.1 The Concept and Principles of EIA
4.2 The Development of EIA Globally
4.3 The Development of EIA in China
4.3.1 Initial Phase (1973-1978)
4.3.2 Early Implementation Phase (1979-1989)
4.3.3 Improvement Phase (1990-2002)
4.3.4 Breakthrough Phase (2003-2014)
4.3.5 Reform (2015-Date)
4.4 The Legal Framework of EIA in China
4.5 EIA of Project (Project EIA)
4.5.1 Categorization for Project EIA
4.5.2 Process for Project EIA
4.5.3 Documentation for Project EIA
4.5.4 Public Participation in Project EIA
4.5.5 Review and Decision on the EIA Documents
4.5.6 EIA Follow-up for Construction Project
4.6 Regional EIA (REIA)
4.7 EIA of Plan (PEIA)
4.7.1 Applicable Scope of PEIA
4.7.2 Roles and Responsibilities
4.7.3 Approaches and Requirements of PEIA
4.7.4 Public Participation in PEIA
4.7.5 Submission of the PEIA Documents
4.7.6 Review of the PEIA Report of the Specific Plans
4.7.7 Approval of Plan
4.7.8 EIA Follow-up of Plan
4.8 Certificate System of EIA Consultancy (Revoked in 2018)
4.9 Management of Qualified EIA Practitioners
4.10 Prospects of EIA in China
References
Chapter 5 Three Synchronizations System
5.1 The Development of the Three Synchronizations System
5.2 The Requirements of the Three Synchronizations System
5.2.1 Synchronous Design
5.2.2 Synchronous Construction
5.2.3 Synchronous Operation
5.2.4 Roles and Responsibilities
5.2.5 The Violation
5.3 The Supervision Responsibility of IAEMPCP for the Competent Authority for Environmental Protection
References
Chapter 6 Emissions Charges System and Environmental Protection Tax System
6.1 Development of the Emissions Charges System
6.2 The Content of the Emissions Charges System
6.2.1 The Payer
6.2.2 Category and Amount of Pollutant Emission
6.2.3 Category of the Emissions Charges
6.2.4 Charge Rates
6.2.5 Collection and Utilizations of the Emissions Charges
6.3 The Environmental Protection Tax System
6.3.1 Who Pays the Environmental Protection Tax
6.3.2 Items Subject to the Environmental Protection Tax
6.3.3 Basis and Rate of the Environmental Protection Tax
6.3.4 Preferential Policy
6.3.5 Monitoring and Enforcement
References
Chapter 7 Target Responsibility System of Environmental Protection and Performance Evaluation System
7.1 The Formation and Development of the Target Responsibility System of Environmental Protection
7.2 Targets of Environmental Protection and Indicators Setting
7.3 Target Setting
7.4 Performance Evaluation
7.5 Shared Responsibility of Ecological and Environmental Protection for Government and Party
7.6 The Audit of Natural Resources Assets While Leading Cadres Leaving Office
References
Chapter 8 Centralized Pollution Control System
8.1 Centralized Heating in Urban Areas
8.2 Centralized Pollution Control of Wastewater
8.3 Centralized Pollution Control of Municipal Solid Waste
8.3.1 Landfill
8.3.2 Incineration
References
Chapter 9 Emission Reporting, Registration, and Permit System
9.1 The Formation and Development of the Emission Permit System
9.2 Implementation Process of the Emission Reporting, Registration, and Permit System
9.2.1 Reporting and Registering Pollutant Emission
9.2.2 Verifying Pollutant Emission
9.2.3 Issuing the Emission Permit
9.2.4 Supervision and Management for the Emission Permit
9.3 Essentials of the Emission Permit System
9.3.1 Who Shall Apply for the Emission Permit
9.3.2 An Integrated Emission Permit
9.3.3 Procedure to Apply for the Emission Permit
9.3.4 Conditions for Obtaining an Emission Permit
9.3.5 Obligatory Contents of an Emission Permit
9.3.6 Evaluate and Determine the Allowable Emission Based on EIA Results
9.3.7 Obligations of the Polluters
9.4 Pilot Program of Emissions Trading System
References
Chapter 10 Emissions Cap System
10.1 Establishment and Development of the Emissions Cap System
10.2 Objective Classifications of Emissions Cap
10.2.1 Emissions Cap Based on Environmental Capacity
10.2.2 Emissions Cap Based on Environmental Target
10.2.3 Emissions Cap Based on Previous Emissions
10.2.4 Emissions Cap Based on Cost Benefit Analysis
10.3 Pollutants Classification of Emissions Cap
10.3.1 Emissions Cap of Water Pollutants
10.3.2 Emissions Cap of Air Pollutants
10.4 Procedure to Develop Emissions Cap Program
10.4.1 Evaluations on the Emissions Cap System During the 11 FYP
10.4.2 Target Setting
10.4.3 Verification and Auditing
10.5 Final Remarks
References
Chapter 11 Joint Pollution Prevention and Control
11.1 The Need for Joint Air Pollution Prevention and Control
11.2 Key Regions and Key Points of Joint Air Pollution Prevention and Control
11.3 Key Tasks of Joint Air Pollution Prevention and Control
11.3.1 Optimizing the Regional Industrial Structure and Layout
11.3.2 Intensifying the Extent of Pollution Prevention and Control on Key Pollutants
11.3.3 Promoting the Comprehensive Utilization of Clean Energy
11.3.4 Intensifying Pollution Prevention and Control of Motor Vehicles
11.3.5 Improving the Regional Air Quality Monitoring System
References
Chapter 12 Public Participation and Environmental Information Disclosure
12.1 Legislative Process of Public Participation in Environmental Management
12.2 Channels of Public Participation in Environmental Management
12.3 Other Means of Public Participation in Environmental Management
12.4 Environmental Information Disclosure
12.4.1 Government Environmental Affairs Information Disclosure
12.4.2 Environmental Quality Information Disclosure
12.4.3 Corporate Environmental Information Disclosure
12.4.4 Information Disclosure in EIA
References
Chapter 13 Eco-Environmental Zoning Management
13.1 The Significance of the EEZM
13.2 The Development of the EEZM
13.3 The Content of the EEZM
13.3.1 Formulating the EEZM Schemes
13.3.2 Classifying the Eco-Environment Control Units
13.3.3 Compiling One-Inventory
13.3.4 Establishing the Information Platform of the EEZM
13.3.5 Regular Adjustment and Updating
13.4 The Implementation of the EEZM
13.4.1 Promoting Economic and Social High-Quality Development
13.4.2 Employing One-Inventory
13.4.3 Collaboration between Eco-Environmental Policies and the EEZM System
13.5 Technical System of the EEZM
13.5.1 The Red Line for Ecological Conservation (Ecological Protection Red Line)
13.5.2 The Upper-Limit Line for Resource Utilization (Resource Consumption Cap)
13.5.3 The Bottom Line for Environmental Quality (Environmental Quality Baseline)
13.5.4 One-Inventory
References
Chapter 14 Compensation for Eco-Environmental Damage
14.1 International Experience
14.1.1 In the United States
14.1.2 In the European Union
14.2 Necessity
14.3 Related Policies
14.3.1 Scope of Application
14.3.2 Obligees and Obligors of Compensation
14.3.3 Liability for Tort
14.3.4 Procedures of Compensation for Eco-Environmental Damage
14.3.5 Technical Standard System of Identifying and Assessing Eco-Environmental Damage
References
Chapter 15 Cleaner Production
15.1 Initiation
15.2 Legal System Development
15.2.1 The Beginning Stage (1973-1992)
15.2.2 The Legalization Stage (1993-2002)
15.2.3 The Institutionalization Stage (2003-2005)
15.2.4 The Perfection Stage (2006 to Date)
15.3 Capacity Building
15.3.1 Institution Development
15.3.2 Professional Training
15.3.3 Guidelines and Standards
15.4 Mandatory Cleaner Production Audit
15.5 Cleaner Production in Key Areas
15.5.1 Cleaner Production in Industry
15.5.2 Cleaner Production in Agriculture
15.5.3 Cleaner Production in Construction Industry
15.5.4 Cleaner Production in Service Industry
15.5.5 Cleaner Production in Transportation
15.6 Recommendations for Promoting CP Development in China
15.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 16 Ecological Compensation
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Development of ECMs
16.2.1 Worldwide Development
16.2.2 China's Development
16.3 Basic Framework of Ecological Compensation System
16.3.1 Classification of Ecological Compensation System Based on Vital Eco-Environmental Elements
16.3.2 Vertical Ecological Compensation
16.3.3 Lateral Ecological Compensation
16.3.4 Market Mechanism of Ecological Compensation
16.4 Financial Sources for ECM in China
16.4.1 Financial Transfer Payment
16.4.2 Special Funds
16.4.3 Resource Taxation System
16.4.4 Payments for Ecological Compensation
16.5 Major Ecological Engineering Projects in China
16.5.1 Three-North Project
16.5.2 Natural Forest Protection
16.5.3 Returning Farmland to Forest/Grassland
16.5.4 Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Sources Governance
16.5.5 Returning Rangeland to Forest/Grassland
16.6 ECM for Sector
16.6.1 ECM for Forest
16.6.2 ECM for Coal Mining
16.6.3 ECM for Grassland
16.7 ECM at Local Level
16.7.1 ECM for the Three Rivers Source District, Qinghai Province
16.7.2 ECM for Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province
16.7.3 ECM for Nature Reserves, Hainan Province
16.7.4 The ECM for Natural Resource Utilization, Sichuan Province
16.7.5 The ECM for Watershed Conservation, Yunnan Province
16.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 17 Air Quality Governance in China
17.1 General Features of Air Pollution
17.2 Legal Institution and System
17.3 Process of Development
17.3.1 Phase I : Legal Institution Management for Air Pollution Control on Soot (from 1979 to 1997)
17.3.2 Phase II : Exploring Unified Regional Air Pollution Prevention and Control for Emerging Compound Pollution (from 1998 to 2012)
17.3.3 Phase III : Integrating Unified Regional Air Pollution Prevention and Control for Compound Pollution (from 2013 to 2017)
17.3.4 Phase IV : Fighting the Blue-Sky War (from 2018 to 2020)
17.3.5 Phase V : Collaborative Control of Decreasing Pollution and Reducing Emission (from 2021 to 2030)
17.4 Evaluations and Prospects
References
Chapter 18 Water Quality Governance in China
18.1 Water Resources in China
18.2 Water Quality in China
18.2.1 Surface Water Quality
18.2.2 Watershed Water Quality
18.2.3 Groundwater Quality
18.2.4 Urban Water Quality
18.3 Laws and Regulations on Water Pollution Prevention and Control
18.4 Water Management in China
18.5 Progress
References
Chapter 19 Land Resources Governance in China
19.1 Land Resources in China
19.2 Land Resources Protection
19.3 Land Resources Degradation and Land Pollution in China
19.3.1 Land Degradation
19.3.2 Land Pollution
19.3.3 Overall Spatial Distribution of Soil Pollution
19.3.4 Status Quo of Soil Pollution of Various Types of Land
19.4 Laws and Regulations on Land Pollution Prevention and Control
19.5 Challenges and Countermeasures
19.5.1 Challenges
19.5.2 Countermeasures
References
Comparison Table
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