Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Research background 1.2 Rationale for the study 1.3 Brief description of the study 1.4 Significance of the study 1.5 Structure of the book Chapter Two Literature Review 2.1 Summary writing 2.2 Rating scales in writing assessment 2.3 Validation of rating scales in writing assessment 2.4 Summary Chapter Three Methodology 3.1 Conceptual framework and research questions 3.2 Participants 3.3 Data collection 3.4 Data analysis 3.5 Summary of the research design Chapter Four Results and Discussion (1): Construction of Rating Scales 4.1 Construction of the rating scale for teacher raters 4.2 Construction of the rating scale for peer raters Chapter Five Results and Discussion (2): Validation of Rating Scales 5.1 Validation of the rating scale for teacher raters 5.2 Validation of the rating scale for peer raters Chapter Six Modification of Rating Scales 6.1 Modification of the rating scale for teacher raters 6.2 Modification of the rating scale for peer raters Chapter Seven Conclusion 7.1 Major findings 7.2 Implications 7.3 Limitations of the research 7.4 Future research directions References Appendixes Index