目錄
SECTION 1 ANATOMY
1.1 Thorax: Lungs in Situ, 2
1.2 Thorax: Heart in Situ, 3
1.3 Thorax: Mediastinum, 4
1.4 Thorax: Pericardial Sac, 5
1.5 Exposure of the Heart: Anterior Exposure, 6
1.6 Exposure of the Heart: Base and Diaphragmatic Surfaces, 7
1.7 Atria and Ventricles: Right Atrium and Right Ventricle,8
1.8 Atria and Ventricles: Left Atrium and Left Ventricle,9
1.9 Atria and Ventricles: Atria, Ventricles, and Interventricular Septum,10
1.10 Valves: Cardiac Valves Open and Closed, 11
1.11 Valves: Valves and Fibrous Skeleton of Heart, 12
1.12 Specialized Conduction System of Heart, 13
1.13 Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Sternocostal and Diaphragmatic Surfaces, 14
1.14 Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Arteriovenous Variations, 15
1.15 Innervation of Heart: Nerves of Heart, 16
1.16 Innervation of Heart: Schema of Innervation, 17
SECTION 2 PHYSIOLOGY
2.1 Cardiovascular Examination: Cardiac Cycle, 20
2.2 Cardiovascular Examination: Important Components, 21
2.3 Cardiovascular Examination: Positions for Cardiac Auscultation, 22
2.4 Cardiovascular Examination: Areas of Cardiac Auscultation, 23
2.5 Cardiovascular Examination: Murmurs, 24
2.6 Neural and Humoral Regulation of Cardiac Function, 25
2.7 Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy, 26
Cardiac Catheterization: Vascular Access, 27
2.9 Cardiac Catheterization: Left-Sided Heart Catheterization, 28
2.10 Cardiac Catheterization: Normal Saturations (02) and Pressure, 29
2.11 Cardiac Catheterization: Examples of O2 and Pressure Findings and Pressure Tracings in Heart Diseases, 30
2.12 Cardiac Catheterization: Normal Cardiac Blood
Flow During Inspiration and Expiration, 31
2.13 Specialized Conduction System: Physiology, 32
2.14 Specialized Conduction System: Electrical Activity of the Heart, 33
2.15 Electrocardiogram, 34
2.16 Electrocardiogram (Continued), 35
2.17 Progression of Depolarization, 36
2.18 End of Depolarization Followed by Repolarization, 37
2.19 Axis Deviation in Normal Electrocardiogram, 38
2.20 Atrial Enlargement, 39
2.21 Ventricular Hypertrophy, 40
2.22 Bundle Branch Block, 41
2.23 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, 42
2.24 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia, 43
2.25 Sinus and Atrial Arrhythmias, 44
2.26 Premature Contraction, 45
2.27 Sinus Arrest, Sinus Block, and Atrioventricular Block, 46
2.28 Tachycardia, Fibrillation, and Atrial Flutter, 47
2.29 Sudden Cardiac Death, 48
2.30 Efect of Digitalis and Calcium/Potassium Levels on Electrocardiogram, 49
2.31 Cardiac Pacing: Dual Chamber and Biventricular, 50
2.32 Cardiac Pacing: Leadless Technology and Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators, 51
SECTION 3 IMAGING
3.1 Radiology: Frontal Projection, 54
3.2 Radiology: Right Anterior Oblique Projection, 55
3.3 Radiology: Left Anterior Oblique Projection, 56
3.4 Radiology:Lateral Projection, 57
3.5 Angiocardiography: Anteroposterior Projection of Right-Sided Heart Structures, 58
3.6 Angiocardiography: Lateral Projection of Right-Sided Heart Structures, 59
3.7 Angiocardiography: Anteroposterior Projection of Left-Sided Heart Structures, 60
3.8 Angiocardiography: Lateral Projection of Left-Sided Heart Structures, 61
3.9 Catheter-Based Coronary Angiography: Right Coronary Artery, 62
3.10 Catheter-Based Coronary Angiography: Left Coronary Artery, 63
3.11 Intravascular Ultrasound, 64
3.12 Transthoracic Cardiac Ultrasound, 65
3.13 Doppler Echocardiography, 66
3.14 Transesophageal Echocardiography, 67
3.15 Intracardiac Echocardiography, 68
3.16 Optical Coherence Tomography, 69
3.17 Exercise and Contrast Echocardiography, 70
3.18 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, 71
3.19 Ventriculography, 72
3.20 Computed Tomographic Angiography: Cardiac Cycle and Calcium Contrast Studies, 73
3.21 Computed Tomographic Angiography: Interpretation (Continued), 74
3.22 Radiation Dose Concerns, 75
3.23 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 76
3.24 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Continued), 77
SECTION 4 EMBRYOLOGY
4.1 Early Embryonic Development, 80
4.2 Early Intraembryonic Vasculogenesis, 81
4.3 Formation of the Heart Tube: One-Somite and Two-Somite Stages, 82
4.4 Formation of the Heart Tube: Four-Somite and Seven-Somite Stages, 83
4.5 Formation of the Heart Loop: 10-Somite and 14-Somite Stages, 84
4.6 Formation of the Heart Loop: 20-Somite Stage, 85
4.7 Formation of Cardiac Septa: Development of Ventricles and Atrioventricular Valves, 86
4.8 Formation of Cardiac Septa: 27 and 29 Days, 87
4.9 Formation of Cardiac Septa: 31 and 33 Days, 88
4.10 Formation of Cardiac Septa: 37 and 55 Days, 89
4.11 Formation of Cardiac Septa: Heart Tube Derivatives, 90
4.12 Formation of Cardiac Septa: Partitioning of the Heart Tube: Atrial Septation, 91
4.13 Formation of Cardiac Septa: Embryonic Origins, Right and Left Sides, 92
4.14 De
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