目錄
SECTION 1 PITUITARY AND HYPOTHALAMUS
1.1 Development of the Pituitary Gland
1.2 Embryology of the Pituitary Gland and Relationship to the Hypothalamus
1.3 Blood Supply of the Pituitary Gland
1.4 Gross and Microscopic Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland
1.5 Relationship of the Pituitary Gland to the Cavernous Sinus
1.6 Retrosellar Pituitary Hernias and Feedback Control
1.7 Anatomy of the Sellar Turcica
1.8 Vasculature of the Pituitary Gland
1.9 Manifestations of Suprasellar Disease
1.10 Craniopharyngioma
1.11 Primary Acquired Lobe Deficiency in Childhood and Its Relationship to the Visual Apparatus
1.12 Nonneuroendocrine Lesions of the Pituitary Gland
1.13 Primary Anterior Lobe Deficiency in Adults
1.14 Posterior Pituitary Deficiency
1.15 Selective Anterior Partial Hypopituitarism
1.16 Pituitary Hypofunction After Surgery or Pathopopulation
1.17 Postpartum Pituitary Infarction (Sheehan Syndrome)
1.18 Pituitary Aplasia
1.19 Pituitary Gigantism
1.20 Acromegaly
1.21 Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Tumor
1.22 Corticotroph-Secreting Pituitary Tumor
1.23 Nelson Syndrome
1.24 Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Tumor
1.25 Secretion and Action of Oxytocin
1.26 Secretion and Action of Vasopressin
1.27 Central Diabetes Insipidus
1.28 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Adults
1.29 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Children
1.30 Empty Sella
1.31 Empty Sella
1.32 Tumor Metastasis to the Pituitary
1.33 Surgical Approaches to the Pituitary
SECTION 2 THYROID
2.1 Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
2.2 Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
2.3 Development of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
2.4 Development of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands (Continued)
2.5 Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
2.6 Congenital Anomalies of the Thyroid Gland
2.7 Physiology of Thyroid Hormones
2.8 Graves Disease
2.9 Graves Disease (Continued)
2.10 Thyroid Pathology in Graves Disease
2.11 Clinical Manifestations of Toxic Adenoma and Toxic Multinodular Goiter
2.12 Pathophysiology of Toxic Adenoma and Toxic Multinodular Goiter
2.13 Clinical Manifestations of Hypothyroidism in Adults
2.14 Clinical Manifestations of Hypothyroidism in Adults (Continued)
2.15 Clinical Manifestations of Hypothyroidism in Adults (Continued)
2.16 Clinical Manifestations of Hypothyroidism in Adults (Continued)
2.17 Congenital Hypothyroidism
2.18 Embryology of Goiter
2.19 Iodine Deficiency Goiter
2.20 Etiology of Goiter
2.21 Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis and Fibrous Subacute Thyroiditis
2.22 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
2.23 Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
2.24 Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
2.25 Anaplastic (Undifferentiated) Thyroid Carcinoma
2.26 Oncocytic Thyroid Cell Carcinoma
2.27 Thyroid Biopsy
2.28 Fine-Needle Aspiration of the Thyroid
SECTION 3 ADRENAL
3.1 Development of the Adrenal Glands
3.2 Anatomy and Blood Supply of the Adrenal Glands
3.3 Anatomy and Blood Supply of the Adrenal Glands (Continued)
3.4 Histology of the Adrenal Glands
3.5 Histology of the Adrenal Glands
3.6 Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Adrenal Cortical Hormones
3.7 Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Adrenal Cortical Hormones (Continued)
3.8 Regulation of Adrenal Cortical Function
3.9 Diagnostic Evaluation: Findings
3.10 Tests Used in the Diagnosis of Cushing Syndrome
3.11 Primary Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
3.12 Canine Complete Canine Syndrome Caused by Primary Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
3.13 Major Blocks in Adrenal Steroidogenesis
3.14 Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
3.15 Biology/Action of Aldosterone
3.16 Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion
3.17 Biology/Action of Aldosterone
3.18 Primary Aldosteronism: Etiology for Primary Aldosteronism
3.19 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Blood Pressure Regulation
3.20 Acute Adrenal Failure: Adrenal Crisis
3.21 Chronic Primary Adrenal Failure: Addison Disease
3.22 Chronic Primary Adrenal Failure of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
3.23 Laboratory Findings and Treatment of Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency
3.24 Adrenal Medulla and Catecholamines
3.25 Catecholamine Synthesis, Storage, Secretion, and Metabolism
3.26 Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
3.27 Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
3.28 Metastatic Tumors to the Adrenal Glands
3.29 Metastatic Phenochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
3.30 Adrenocortical Carcinoma
3.31 Tumors Metastatic to the Adrenal Glands
SECTION 4 REPRODUCTION
4.1 Differentiation of Gonads
4.2 Differentiation of Genital Ducts
4.3 Differentiation of External Genitalia
4.4 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
4.5 Normal Puberty
4.6 Normal Puberty (Continued)
4.7 Normal Puberty (Continued)
4.8 Normal Puberty (Continued)
4.9 Precocious Puberty
4.10 Precocious Puberty (Continued)
4.11 Delayed Puberty
4.12 Disorders of Sex Development
4.13 Disorders of Sex Development (Continued)
4.14 Disorders of Sex Development (Continued)
4.15 Disorders of Sex Development (Continued)
4.16 Errors in Chromosome Sex
4.17 Klinefelter Syndrome
4.18 Androgen Insensitivity (Testicular Dysgenesis)
4.19 Turner Syndrome (Gonadal Dysgenesis) (Continued)
4.20 Turner Syndrome (Gonadal Dysgenesis) (Continued)
4.21 Hirsutism and Virilization
4.22 Hirsutism and Virilization (Continued)
4.23 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
4.24 Reproductive Cycle From Birth to Old Age
4.25 Functional and Pathologic Causes of Uterine Bleeding
4.26 Galactorrhea
4.27 Gynecomastia
SECTION 5 PANCREAS
5.1 Pancreas Anatomy and Histology
5.2 Histology of the Pancreatic Islets
5.3 Normal Histology of Pancreatic Islets
5.4 Insulin Secretion
5.5 Diabetes Mellitus
5.6 Thyrotropin, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
5.7 Glycogen Metabolism Cycle
5.8 Metabolic Effects of Insulin, Glucagon
5.9 Diabetic Ketoacidosis
5.10 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
5.11 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
5.12 Complications of Diabetes
5.13 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Pathologic Findings
5.14 Complications of Pediatric Diabetes: Diabetic Retinopathy
5.15 Diabetic Nephropathy
5.16 Diabetic Neuropathy
5.17 Atherosclerosis in Diabetes
5.18 Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes
5.19 Vascular Insufficiency in Diabetes: The Diabetic Foot
5.20 Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy
5.21 Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
5.22 Intensive Diabetes Therapy of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
5.23 Insulinoma
5.24 Primary Pancreatic β-Cell Hyperplasia
SECTION 6 BONE AND CALCIUM
6.1 Histology of the Normal Parathyroid Glands
6.2 Normal Parathyroid Gland Histology
6.3 Bone Remodeling
6.4 Pathophysiology of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
6.5 Pathology and Clinical Manifestations of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
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Contents
6.6 Tests for the Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Hypercalcemia
6.7 Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
6.8 Renal Osteodystrophy (Continued)
6.9 Histology of the Parathyroid Gland in Renal Osteodystrophy
6.10 Clinical Manifestations of Acute Hypocalcemia
6.11 Pathophysiology of Hypoparathyroidism
6.12 Clinical Manifestations of Pseudohypoparathyroidism
6.13 Pathogenesis of Pseudohypoparathyroidism
6.14 Type 1a
6.15 Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis
6.16 Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Females
6.17 Osteoporosis in Males
6.18 Clinical Manifestations of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures
6.19 Nutritional-Deficiency Rickets and Osteomalacia
6.20 Pseudovitamin D-Deficient Rickets and Osteomalacia
6.21 Clinical Manifestations of Rickets in Childhood
6.22 Hypophosphatemic Rickets in Childhood
6.23 Clinical Manifestations of Osteomalacia in Adults
6.24 Paget Disease of the Bone
6.25 Medical Treatment of Paget Disease of the Bone
6.26 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
6.27 Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Continued)
6.28 Hypophosphatasia
SECTION 7 LIPIDS AND NUTRITION
7.1 Cholesterol Synthesis and Metabolism
7.2 Gastrointestinal Absorption of Cholesterol and Triglycerides
7.3 Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Lipoprotein Receptor and Cholesterol Content
7.4 High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Reverse Cholesterol Transport
7.5 Hypercholesterolemia
7.6 Hypercholesterolemic Xanthomatosis
7.7 Hypercholesterolemic Xanthomatosis
7.8 Abetalipoproteinemia and Tangier Disease
7.9 Hypertriglyceridemia
7.10 Hypertriglyceridemia
7.11 Clinical Manifestations of Hypertriglyceridemia
7.12 Atherosclerosis
7.13 Atherosclerosis (Continued)
7.14 Atherosclerosis Risk Factors
7.15 Atherosclerosis
7.16 Mechanisms of Action of Lipid-Lowering Agents
7.17 Treatment of Hyperlipidemia
7.18 Absorption of Essential Vitamins
7.19 Vitamin B? Deficiency: Beriberi
7.20 Vitamin B?? Deficiency: Pernicious
7.21 Vitamin C Deficiency: Scurvy
7.22 Vitamin A Deficiency
7.23 Celiac Disease and Malabsorption
7.24 Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Sphingolipidoses
7.25 Anorexia Nervosa
7.26 Obesity
7.27 Surgical Treatment Options for O
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