內容大鋼
本書探索語言、技術與社會之間的相互關係，討論自文字——第一項專門為語言而設計的技術——到數碼時代機器翻譯、網路語言等各種與語言相關的創新。以語言技術史為線，以語言技術原理為點，以語言技術發展產生的社會影響為面，通過精心的引導，將語言、技術與學生個體和社會的重要議題關聯起來，討論書寫系統與語言之間的關係、讀寫能力對認知和科學發展的影響、印刷機在中西方社會的影響、打字機對現代化辦公與性別平等的影響、電報機與電腦編碼的源起、機器翻譯的使用和局限性、人工智慧的突破以及未來前景、網路和社交媒體對語言產生的影響等話題。教材以思想性帶動語言學習，通過描述、闡釋、分析和評價語言、技術與社會之間的關係，增強學生的英語綜合應用能力和學習共同體構建意識，發展學生的跨文化交際能力和批判性思維能力。
目錄
Chapter I What Is Language
Jumping-in
1.1 What is language
1.2 Elements of language
1.2.1 Phonetics
1.2.2 Phonology
1.2.3 Morphology
1.2.4 Syntax
1.2.5 Semantics
1.2.6 Pragmatics
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Chapter II How Writing Came About
Jumping-in
2.1 How writing originated
2.1.1 Pictographic theory
2.1.2 Token theory
2.2 Logogram at the root of invented writing
2.3 Mechanism in action: the rebus principle
2.3.1 Sumerian cuneiform
2.3.2 Oracle bone inscriptions
2.4 Mechanism in action: the acrophonic principle
2.4.1 Egyptian hieroglyph
2.4.2 Maya script
2.5 Extension and differentiation
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Chapter III How Writing Represents Language
Jumping-in
3.1 Problems with a 「universal」 writing system
3.2 Glottograhic: logographic vs. phonographic
3.3 Phonographic writing systems
3.3.1 Syllabic writing
3.3.2 Segmental writing
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Chapter IV Interaction between Language and Writing: Decipherment of Egyptian Hieroglyph
Jumping-in
4.1 Rosetta Stone: pattern of fusion
4.2 The decipherment: competition and cooperation
4.3 Methodology of the decipherment
4.3.1 Distribution analysis for patterns
4.3.2 Held-out data for verification
4.3.3 The underlying language to stand on
4.3.4 Interaction between language and writing
4.4 Number of symbols and type of script
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Chapter V Interaction between Language and Writing: Decipherment of Linear B
Jumping-in
5.1 Linear B
5.2 The decipherment of Linear B
5.2.1 Alice Kober: building the grid
5.2.2 Emmett Bennett: expanding with data
5.2.3 Michael Ventris: assigning sound values
5.2.4 John Chadwick: supporting, refining, documenting
5.3 Frequency, entropy, and more
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Chapter VI Writing, Literacy, and Society
Jumping-in
6.1 Literacy: the multifaceted nature
6.2 Literate society vs. oral society
6.3 Alphabetic literacy vs. logographic literacy
6.4 Script reform and literacy rate: the Chinese case
6.4.1 Foreign attempts to romanize Chinese
6.4.2 Native attempts to romanize Chinese
6.4.3 Character simplification
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Chapter VII Printing, Stability, and Variability
Jumping-in
7.1 Printing in China
7.1.1 Block printing
7.1.2 Movable type printing
7.2 Printing in Europe
7.2.1 Manuscripts and scribes
7.2.2 Gutenberg and the printing press
7.2.3 Gutenberg and the Gothic type
7.2.4 Printing and the standardization of English
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Chapter VIII Typewriter, Mind, and Style
Jumping-in
8.1 Malling-Hansen and Writing Ball
8.2 Sholes and the QWERTY keyboard
8.2.1 Theories on the QWERTY rationale
8.2.2 Head start and path dependency
8.3 Typewriter and writing style
8.4 Chinese typewriter
8.4.1 Characters of common usage and movable typewriter
8.4.2 Divisible type and combinatorial typewriter
8.4.3 Search-writing and MingKwai typewriter
8.5 Typewriter and women』s entrance into office
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Chapter IX Telegraph, Morse Code, and Global Connectivity
Jumping-in
9.1 The semiotic architecture: Morse Code
9.2 Logographic writing and Morse Code
9.3 「Communication」 reconceptualized
9.4 Journalistic style, news objectivity, and information consumption
9.5 Cable adventure, a thread across the ocean, and global connectivity
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Chapter X Linguistics, Rationalism, and Rule-Based Machine Translation
Jumping-in
10.1 Formal grammar and MT
10.2 Parsing: constituency vs. dependency
10.2.1 Constituency structure
10.2.2 Dependency structure
10.2.3 Trees and brackets
10.3 Types of RBMT
10.3.1 Direct translation approach
10.3.2 Transfer approach
10.3.3 Interlingual approach
10.4 Achievements and limitations
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Chapter XI Corpora, Empiricism and Data-driven Machine Translation
Jumping-in
11.1 Text, corpora, and SMT
11.2 Probability and SMT
11.3 IBM models: groundwork of SMT
11.4 Scope of SMT: from word to sentence
11.5 Neural MT and beyond
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Chapter XII MT Literacy and MT Ethics
Jumping-in
12.1 Ambiguity, thy name is language
12.1.1 Lexical ambiguity
12.1.2 Morphological ambiguity
12.1.3 Syntactical ambiguity
12.1.4 Discoursal ambiguity
12.2 MT ethics
12.3 MT literacy in the scholarly community
12.3.1 As text creator
12.3.2 As MT user
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Chapter XIII Social Media and Language Play
Jumping-in
13.1 Language: spoken vs. written
13.2 Language online: a third kind
13.3 Features of CMC
13.4 Language play in WeChat group chat
13.4.1 Bracketed annotation and Cooperative Principle
13.4.2 Bracketed annotation and Politeness Principle
13.4.3 Bracketed annotation: playing by flouting maxims
Summing-up
References
Further reading
Master Bibliography
Works Consulted
Name Index
Subject Index
List of Figures
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