目錄
Part I General Features of a Scientific Research Paper
Chapter 1 Word Choice
1.1 Scientific words
1.2 British English or American English
1.3 Commonly confused words
1.4 Words for connecting ideas
1.5 Avoid uninformative words and avoid redundancy
1.6 Avoid emotive terms
1.7 Label consistently
1.8 Words matter
1.9 Adjectives and adverbs
1.9.1 Strings of adjectives
1.9.2 Adjectives in distinct sets
1.9.3 Adjectives in the same set
1.9.4 Hyphenated adjectives and adverbs
1.9.5 Adverb placement
1.10 Precision in word usage
1.10.1 Articles
1.10.2 Reference words and their antecedents
1.10.3 Unnecessary words
Chapter 2 Sentence Structure
2.1 Basic sentence patterns for EST
2.1.1 Simple sentence
2.1.2 Complex sentence
2.1.3 Compound sentence
2.1.4 Common problems relating to sentence structure
2.2 Qualifiers used in sentences
2.2.1 Cores and qualifiers
2.2.2 Three factors to consider when adding a qualifiers
2.3 Subordinate clauses used as qualifiers
2.3.1 「That」 and 「which」
2.3.2 Adverb and adjective clauses
2.4 Explanatory phrases, participle phrases, prepositional phrases and infinitive phrases
2.4.1 Explanatory phrases
2.4.2 Participle phrases
2.4.3 Major prepositional phrases
2.4.4 Infinitive phrase
2.5 Sentence with two qualifiers
2.5.1 Sentence form 4: qualifiers before and after the core
2.5.2 Sentence form 5: qualifiers before and within the core
2.5.3 Sentence form 6: qualifiers within and after the core
2.5.4 Sentence form 7: both qualifiers within the core
2.5.5 Sentence form 8: both qualifiers before the core
2.5.6 Sentence form 9: both qualifiers after the core
2.5.7 Sentence form 10: both qualifiers within the core
2.5.8 Nested qualifiers
2.6 Syntax characteristics of EST
2.6.1 No personal tendency
2.6.2 Long sentence
2.6.3 Useful sentence patterns
Chapter 3 Paragraph Structure
3.1 Basic paragraph patterns for EST
3.1.1 Basic paragraph structure
3.1.2 Transition words
3.1.3 Topic sentence
3.1.4 Criteria for dividing long paragraphs
3.2 Basic guidelines for paragraph design
3.3 Practice questions
Part II Drafting and Editing a Scientific Research Paper
Chapter 4 Framework of a Research Paper
4.1 Why publish a paper
4.2 Structure arrangement of a paper
Chapter 5 The Introduction: Reasons to Publish
5.1 The purpose of introduction section
5.2 Structure of introduction section
5.3 Basic sentence in introduction section
5.3.1 Establishing the importance of the topic
5.3.2 Referring to previous work to establish what is already known
5.3.3 Identifying a controversy within the field of study
5.3.4 Explaining the inadequacies of previous studies
5.3.5 Identifying the paucity or lack of previous research
5.3.6 Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
5.3.7 Stating the focus, aim, or argument of a paper
5.3.8 Describing the research design and the methods used
5.3.9 Explaining the significance of the current study
5.3.10 Outlining the structure of the paper or dissertation
5.4 Referring to literature
5.4.1 General comments on the relevant literature
5.4.2 Previous research: a historical perspective
5.4.3 Previous research: methodological approaches taken
5.4.4 Previous research: what has been established or proposed
5.4.5 Stating what is currently known about the topic
5.4.6 Reference to a previous investigation: researcher, time, investigation and topic prominent
5.4.7 Synthesizing material: supporting evidence or ideas, contrasting evidence or ideas
5.5 Reading materials and cases of metallurgical science
5.5.1 Department of steel metallurgy
5.5.2 Department of nonferrous metallurgy
5.5.3 Department of metallurgical physics and chemistry
5.5.4 Department of ecological science and engineering
Chapter 6 The Materials and Methods
6.1 The purpose of materials and methods section
6.2 Structure of materials and methods section
6.3 Basic sentence in materials and methods section
6.3.1 Describing previously used research methods
6.3.2 Indicating the methodology for the current research
6.3.8 Describing the process
6.3.9 Indicating methodological problems or limitations
6.4 Reading materials and cases of metallurgical science
6.4.1 Case 1
6.4.2 Case 2
6.4.3 Case 3
6.4.4 Case 4
Chapter 7 The Results: Presenting the Findings
7.1 The purpose of results section
7.2 Structure of results section
7.3 Basic sentence in results section
7.3.1 Referring back to the research aims or procedures
7.3.2 Referring to data in a table or chart
7.3.3 Highlighting significant data in a table or chart
7.3.4 Stating a positive result
7.3.5 Stating a negative result
7.3.6 Reporting positive and negative reactions
7.3.7 Highlighting interesting or surprising results
7.3.8 Transition: moving to the next result
7.3.9 Summarizing the results section
7.4 Reading materials and cases of metallurgical science
7.4.1 Case 1
7.4.2 Case 2
7.4.3 Case 3
Chapter 8 The Discussion: Discussing the Findings
8.1 The purpose of discussion section
8.2 Structure of discussion section
8.2.1 Summarize conclusions and achievements
8.2.2 Compare and contrast the existing literature and describe the different
8.2.3 Possible limitations of surface research
8.2.4 Propose solutions to problems
8.2.5 Propose new suggestions for the future outlook
8.3 Basic sentence in discussion section
8.3.1 Providing background information: reference to the literature or question
8.3.2 Restating the result or one of several results
8.3.3 Pointing out interesting or important findings
8.3.4 Indicating an unexpected outcome
8.3.5 Comparing the result: supporting or contradicting previous findings
8.3.6 Offering an explanation for the findings
8.3.7 Advising cautious interpretation of the findings
8.3.8 Suggesting general hypotheses
8.3.9 Noting implications of the findings
8.3.10 Commenting on the findings
8.3.11 Giving suggestions for future work
8.4 Reading materials and cases of metallurgical science
8.4.1 Case 1
9.1.1 The purpose of abstract section
9.1.2 The purpose of conclusions section
9.2 Structure of conclusions and abstract section
9.2.1 Structure of abstract section
9.2.2 Structure of conclusions section
9.2.3 The differences and connections between abstract and conclusion
9.3 Basic sentence in conclusions and abstract section
9.3.1 Basic sentence in abstract section
9.3.2 Basic sentence in conclusions section
9.4 Reading materials and cases of metallurgical science
9.4.1 Case 1
9.4.2 Case 2
9.4.3 Case 3
9.4.4 Case 4
Part III From Submission to Publication
Chapter 10 Submission of Manuscript
10.1 Choosing a journal
10.2 The checklist (manuscript, cover letter, highlights)
10.3 Submitting your manuscript
Chapter 11 Peer Review
Chapter 12 Decisions, Revisions, and Final Proofing
12.1 Editorial decisions
12.2 Revising papers and replying
12.3 Handling rejection
12.4 On completion of the proof
Part IV Other Kinds of Scientific Writing
Chapter 13 Oral Presentation at a Scientific Seminar
13.1 Introducing the presentation
13.2 Defining and organizing the topic
13.3 Indicating sequence
13.4 Conclusion of the presentation
13.5 Notes
Chapter 14 CV/Resume
14.1 The differences between CV and resume
14.2 Occasions for use
14.3 Outline for a CV or resume
14.3.1 Outline for a CV
14.3.2 Outline for a resume
Chapter 15 Academic Letters
15.1 Academic letter
15.2 Types of academic letters
15.3 Elements of an academic letter
15.4 Guidelines of an academic letter
15.5 Dos of academic letters
Chapter 16 The Review Paper
16.1 Purpose of review papers
16.2 Review paper editorial initiative
16.3 Process and structure for review papers
16.3.1 Systematic literature review process
16.3.2 Structure of systematic review papers
References
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