目錄
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Chemistry
1.2 Measurement and SI Units
1.3 Names and Symbols of the Elements
1.4 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds
1.5 Ways of Expressing Concentration
1.6 Vapor Pressure of a Solution
1.7 Boiling Point Elevation
1.8 Freezing Point Depression
1.9 Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions Summary
Essay: The Human Genome Project
Problems
Chapter 2 Electrolyte Solutions
2.1 Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory
2.2 Solving Problems Involving Acid-Base Equilibrium Summary
Essay: Aspirin and Digestion
Problems
Chapter 3 Equilibria of Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds
3.1 The Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)
3.2 Predicting the Formation of a Precipitate: Qc vs. Ksp
3.3 Applications of Solubility--Tooth Decay and Fluoridation
Summary
Essay: Aspirin Solubility - Enhanceing Formulations
Problems
Chapter 4 Buffer Solutions
4.1 Composition and Action of Buffer Solutions
4.2 The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
4.3 Buffer Capacity and Buffer Range
4.4 The Preparation of Buffer Solutions
4.5 Buffer's Action in Human Blood
Summary
Essay: Acidosis and Alkalosis
Problems
Chapter 5 Colloids
5.1 Colloid and Its Basic Behaviors
5.2 Sol
5.3 Surface Active Agent and Emulsions
Summary
Essay: Colloids in Water Purification
Problems
Chapter 6 Thermochemistry and Thermodynamics
6.1 Some Basic Definitions
6.2 The Law of Energy Conservation
6.3 Spontaneous Change: Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy
Summary
Essay: The Universal Role of ATP
Problems
Chapter 7 Chemical Equilibrium
7.1 Relating ArGme to the Equilibrium Constant
7.2 The Reaction Quotient, the Equilibrium Constant and the Reaction Direction: Comparing Q and K e
7.3 Expressing Equilibria with Pressure Units: Relation Between Kc and Kp
7.4 Altering Equilibrium Conditions : Le Ch~telier's Principle
Summary
Essay: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA)
Problems
Chapter 8 Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions
8.1 Expression of the Reaction Rate
8.2 Reaction Mechanisms: Steps in the Overall Reaction
8.3 Integrated Rate Laws: Concentration Changes Over Time
8.4 Collision and Transition State Theories
8.5 The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate
8.6 Catalysis: Speeding Up a Chemical Reaction
Summary
Essay: Protease Inhibitor and AIDS
Problems
Chapter 9 Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work
9.1 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
9.2 Voltaic Cells: Using Spontaneous Reactions to Generate Electric Energy
9.3 Cell Electromotive Force (emf) and Free Energy
9.4 Concentration Effects on Cell Potential and the Nernst Equation
Summary
Essay: Heartbeats and Electrocardiography
Problems
Chapter 10 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table :
10.1 Structure of the Hydrogen Atom
10.2 Quantum Numbers of an Atomic Orbital
10.3 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
10.4 Trends in Some Key Periodic Atomic Properties
Summary
Essay: Nuclear Spin and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Problems
Chapter 11 Molecular Structure
11.1 The Covalent Bond Model
11.2 Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
11.3 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory and Molecular Shape
11.4 Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory
11.5 Intermolecular Forces
Summary
Essay: Molecular Shape, Biological Receptors, and the Sense of Smell
Problems
Chapter 12 Coordination Complexes
12.1 Basic Concepts of Complexes
12.2 Theoretical Basis for the Bonding and Properties of Complexes
12.3 Equilibrium Involving Complex Ions
12.4 Chelates and Living Ligands
Summary
Essay: The Cooperative Release of Oxygen from Oxyhemoglobin
Problems
Chapter 13 Titrimetric Methods of Analysis
13.1 Overview of Titrimetry :
13.2 Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
13.3 Titrations Based on Acid-Base Reactions
13.4 Titrations Based on Redox Reactions
13.5 Titrations Based on Complexation Reactions
13.6 Precipitation Titrations
Summary
Essay: Analytical Chemistry and Public Perceptions of Toxicity
Problems
Chapter 14 Ultraviolet Visible Spectrophotometry
14.1 Absorption Spectrum
14.2 Quantitative Calculations
14.3 Visible Spectrophotometry
14.4 Methods to Improve Sensitivity and Accuracy
Summary
Essay: Clinical Applications of Ultraviolet-Visible Molecular Absorption
Problems
Chapter 15 Introduction to Modem Instrumental Analysis
15.1 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
15.2 Molecular Fluorescence Spectroscopy
15.3 Chromatography
Summary
Essay: Applications of Gas Chromatography
Problems
Appendix
Appendix A Units of Measurement
Appendix B Some Physical and Chemical Constants
Appendix C Equilibrium Constants
Appendix D Standard Thermodynamic Values for Selected Substances at 298.15 K
Appendix E Standard Reduction Potentials, φ, at 298.15 K
Appendix F Greece Alphabet
References
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