Foreword Preface Section Ⅰ Pattern Chapter 1 Modeling and Analysis of Lake Water Storage Changes on the Tibetan Plateau Using Multi-mission Satellite Data 1.1 Research objective 1.2 Study area 1.3 Materials and methodology 1.3.1 ICESat satellite altimetry data 1.3.2 Optical satellite images 1.3.3 GRACE satellite gravimetry data 1.3.4 Monitoring lake water extent changes 1.3.5 Modeling lake water storage changes l.4 Water level changes in 30 typical lakes on the TP 1.5 Surface area changes in all lakes on the TP 1.6 Modeling lake water storage variations on the TP 1.7 Mass changes on the TP observed from GRACE satellite gravimetry 1.8 Limitations and uncertainty analyses 1.9 Summary References Chapter 2 Refined Estimation of Lake Water Level and Storage Changes on the Tibetan Plateau from ICESat/ICESat-2 2.1 Research objective 2.2 Study lakes on the Tibetan Plateau 2.3 Materials and methods 2.3.1 ICESat/ICESat-2 data for deriving lake levels from 2003 to 2020 2.3.2 Lake area derived from Global Land Analysis and Discovery (GLAD) data 2.3.3 Lake mapping and storage variation from 2003 to 2019 2.3.4 Classification of the TP lakes as closed and upstream types 2.4 Coverage of ICESat/ICESat-2 measurements over the TP lakes 2.5 Lake level changes between 2003 and 2020 2.6 Lake water storage changes between 2003 and 2020 2.7 Uncertainty in estimating lake water storage changes on the TP 2.8 Comparison of lake changes during the ICESat era and joint-mission period 2.9 Summary References Chapter 3 Heterogeneous Hydrologic Changes of TP Lakes Observed by Multi-mission Altimeters 3.1 Research objective 3.2 Study lakes on the Tibetan Plateau 3.3 Study data and methods 3.3.1 CryoSat-2 altimetry data 3.3.2 ICESat altimetry data 3.3.3 Other sources of radar altimetry data archives 3.3.4 In-situ lake level observations and other materials 3.3.5 Data processing and estimation of lake level trends 3.4 Evaluation of CryoSat-2 altimetry data on the two typical lakes 3.5 Heterogeneous changes in water level for the TP lakes based on combined ICESat/CryoSat-2 altimetry data 3.6 Heterogeneous water level variations of typical large lakes based on multisource merged radar altimetry data
4.1 Research objective 4.2 Study lakes 4.3 Data and methods 4.3.1 ICESat altimetry data to extract lake water level data 4.3.2 Meteorological data 4.3.3 GRACE gravimetric terrestrial water storage data 4.3.4 Definition and retrieval of seasonal lake water level variations 4.3.5 Cluster analysis on change patterns of lake level 4.3.6 Conceptual model of lake water balances 4.4 Comparison of time-series lake level variations during warm and cold seasons 4.5 Cluster-based spatial pattern on seasonal and abrupt water level changes 4.6 The correlations between abrupt changes in lake level and climatic variables in abnormal years …… Section Ⅱ Drivers Section Ⅲ Impacts
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