Section I Carbon and Nitrogen Chapter 1 Liming and straw retention interact to increase nitrogen uptake and grain yield in a double rice cropping system Chapter 2 Liming reduces nitrogen uptake from fertilizer but increases that from straw in a double rice cropping system Chapter 3 Lime application lowers the global warming potential of a double rice cropping system Chapter 4 Interaction of lime application and straw retention on ammonia emissions from a double rice cropping system Chapter 5 Liming increases biological nitrogen fixation rate in an acidic paddy soil Section II Phosphorus and Potassium Chapter 6 Liming reduces soil phosphorus availability but promotes yield and P uptake in a double rice cropping system Chapter 7 Interactive effects of liming and straw retention on apparent soil potassium balance in a double rice cropping system Section III Cadmium Chapter 8 Liming increases yield and reduces grain cadmium concentration in rice paddies: a meta-analysis Chapter 9 Interactive effects of water management and liming on CH4 emissions and rice cadmium uptake in an acid paddy soil Acknowledgements