Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Study History of Human Mars Exploration Architecture and Space Transportation System 2.1 United States 2.2 China 2.3 Russia 2.4 Europe 2.5 Summary Chapter 3 Architecture Design Options of Human Mars Exploration Mission 3.1 Crew and Cargo Transfer Mode 3.2 Transfer Orbit Type 3.3 Earth Departure Date 3.4 Earth Parking Orbit 3.5 Propulsion Technology 3.6 Earth Escape Mode 3.7 Mars Exploration Target and Mode 3.8 Mars Parking Orbit 3.9 Mars Stay Time 3.10 Mars Capture Method 3.11 Earth Return Mode Chapter 4 Analysis of the Architecture Design Options of Human Mars Exploration Mission 4.1 Benchmark of Human Mars Exploration Mission Architecture Design Option Analysis 4.2 Influence Analysis of the Architecture Design Options of Human Mars Exploration Mission Chapter 5 Development Roadmap and Mission Architecture Design 5.1 Development Roadmap and Mission Architecture Selection 5.2 Mission Architecture Design Chapter 6 Space Transportation System of Human Mars Exploration 6.1 Analysis of the Space Transportation System Component for Human Mars Exploration 6.2 Analysis of the Incremental Velocity Demand and Scale of the Space Transportation System 6.3 Earth Surface Launching System 6.4 Mars Transfer Vehicle 6.5 Mars Landing and Ascent Vehicle 6.6 Mars Surface Infrastructure Chapter 7 Analysis of Key Technologies 7.1 System Design of Space Transportation System for Human Mars Exploration 7.2 Cryogenic Propellant On-orbit Application 7.3 Advanced Propulsion Technology 7.4 Precision Guidance and Control Technology 7.5 Advanced Energy and Communication Technology 7.6 Advanced Structural Mechanism Design Technology Chapter 8 International Collaboration 8.1 Demand Analysis 8.2 Current Situation and Development Trend 8.3 Mode Research Chapter 9 Conclusion and Suggestion Reference APPENDIX IAA in Brief