目錄
General Editor's Preface
1. Introduction
2. VANNUCCIO BIRINGUCCIO (1480-1539)
Opinion of alchemy, from De la Pirolechnia
On the nature of saltpeter, from De la Pirotechnia
3. GEORG AGRICOLA (1494-1555)
Classification of minerals, from De natura fossilium
Manufacture of vitriol, from De re metallica
4. THEOPHRASTUS BOMBASTUS VON HOHENHEIM (PARACELSUS)
(1493-1541)
An example of the style of Paracelsus
Evaluation of chemists and physicians
Elements and principles
Concerning salt and substances comprehended under salt
5. ANDREAS LIBAVIUS (1540-1616)
Definition of alchemy and its subdivisions
6. JAN BAPTIST VAN HELMONT (1577-1644)
Air and water as elements
Experiments on the origin of plants from water
The first use of the term gas
7. BASIL VALENTINE (JOHANN TH?LDE) (FL. 1604)
Preparation of antimony oxide
Antimony chloride and oxychloride
Potassium pyroantimonate
Antimony oxysulfide
Antimony metal
8. JOHANN RUDOLF GLAUBER (1604-1670)
Preparation, properties, and use of sal mirabilis
Reduction of charcoal by sal mirabilis
9. ROBERT BOYLE (1627-1691)
Arguments against the three principles and the four elements
Definition of an element
Experiments on combustion
10. ROBERT HOOKE (1635-1703)
Interpretation of combustion
11. NICOLAS LEMERY (1645-1715)
Explanation of acids and bases
12. JOHANN JOACHIM BECHER (1635-1682)
Definition of the three principles, lerra lapidis, terra pinguis
and lerra fuida
13. GEORG ERNST STAHL (1660-1734)
Discussion of phlogiston
The phlogiston theory
Definition of chemistry
The composition of substances
14. HERMANN BOERHAAVE (1668-1738)
Opinion of alchemy
15. ?TIENNE-FRAN?OIS GEOFFROY (1672-1731)
Table of affinities
16. GUILLAUME-FRAN?OIS ROUELLE (1703-1770)
Nature of salts
17. JOSEPH BLACK (1728-1799)
Experiments on magnesia alba
18. TORBERN BERGMAN (1735-1784)
On elective attractions
19. CARL WILHELM SCHEELE (1742-1786)
Properties of air and discovery of oxygen
Discovery of chlorine
20. JOSEPH PRIESTLEY (1733-1804)
Of dephlogisticated air and of the constitution of the atmos
phere
The role of green plants in revivifying air
21. JAN INGENHOUSZ (1730-1799)
Production of dephlogisticated air by plants in sunlight
22. HENRY CAVENDISH (1731-1810)
Experiments on inflammable air
Experiments on the formation of waterbn
23. ANTOINE LAURENT LAVOISIER (1743-1794)
On the calcination of tin in closed vessels
On the nature of the principle which combines with metals
during their calcination
On combustion in general
Reflexions on phlogiston
Experiments on the respiration of animals
Early suggestion of the law of conservation of mass
24. LOUIS BERNARD GUYTON DE MORVEAU (1737-1816)
Principles of chemical nomenclature
25. CLAUDE LOUIS BERTHOLLET (1748-1822)
Laws of chemical affinity
26. JoSEPH LOUIS PROUST (1754-1826)
The constancy of composition of compounds
27. JEREMIAS BENJAMIN RICHTER (1762-1807)
Principles of stoichiometry
28. JOHN DALTON (1766–1844)
Theory of absorption of gases by water and table of atomic
weights
Explanation of Dalton's atomic theory by Thomas Thomson
Dalton's account of the atomic theory
29. WILLIAM HYDE WOLLASTON (1766-1828)
Demonstration of the law of multiple proportions
Table of chemical equivalents
30. LORENZO ROMANO AMADEO CARLO AVOGADRO (1776–1856)
Hypothesis of atoms and molecules
31. ALESSANDRO VOLTA (1745-1827)
The Voltaic pile
32. HUMPHRY DAVY (1778-1819)
Preparation of the alkali metals
The elementary nature of chlorine
33. J?NS JACOB BERZELIUS (1779-1848)
Electrochemical theory
Chemical symbols and formulas
Explanation of isomerism
Explanation of catalytic phenomena
34. JOHANN WOLFGANG D?BEREINER (1780-1849)
An attempt to group elementary substances according to
their analogies
35. PIERRE LOUIS DULONG (1785-1838)
Law of the constancy of product of atomic weight and specific
36. WILLIAM PROUT (1785-1850)
Hydrogen as the unit of atomic weight
37. MICHAEL FARADAY (1791-1867)
The proportionality of electrochemical change and quantity
of electricity
On fluid chlorine
38. MICHEL EUG?NE CHEVREUL (1786-1889)
The composition of fats
39. JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LUSSAC (1778-1850)
The law of combining volumes
Experiments on prussic acid and cyanogen
40. EILHARD MITSCHERLICH (1794-1863)
The law of isomorphism
41. FRIEDRICH W?HLER (1800-1882)
The artificial production of urea
On the radical of benzoic acid
42. JUSTUS VoON LIEBIG (1803-1873)
The constitution of organic acids
43. JEAN BAPTISTE ANDR? DUMAS (1800-1884)
Memoir on ester's
Theory of substitution
The radical theory
The constitution of acetic and chloroacetic acids
44. GERMAIN HENRI HESS (1802-1850)
The law of constancy of heat
45. THOMAS GRAHAM (1805-1869)
Of the modifications of phosphoric acid
The law of diffusion of gases
Liquid diffusion applied to analysis
Colloidal condition of matter
46. AUGUSTE LAURENT (1808-1853)
The theory of derived nuclei
47. CHARLES GERHARDT (1816-1856)
The type theory
48. ROBERT WILHELM BUNSEN (1811-1899)
Photochemical researches
49. HERMANN KOPP (1817-1892)
Relation between physical properties and chemical consti
tution
50. CHARLES ADOLPHE WURTZ (1817-1884)
The ammonia type
51. AUGUST WILHELM VON HOFMANN (1818-1892)
The molecular constitution of nitrogenous organic bases
52. HERMANN KOLBE (1818-1884)
The nature of organic radicals
The rational composition of organic compounds
The classification of organie chemieal bodies
53. LOUIS PASTETR (1822-1895)
On the molecular asymmetry of natural organic products
54. ALEXANDER WILIAAI VW'ILIAMSON (1824-1904)
Theory of aetherification
55. EDWARD FRANKLAND (1825-1899)
On the isolation of organic radicals
On a new series of organic bodies containing metals
56. HENRI ?TIENNE SAINTE-CLAIRE DEVILLE (1818-1881)
Dissociation or spontaneous decomposition of a body under
the influence of heat
57. LUDWIG FERDINAND WILHELMY (1812-1864)
The law by which the action of acid on cane sugar occurs
58. JOHANN WILHELM HITTORF (1824-1914)
Ionic migration and transport numbers
Chemical nature of electrolytes
59. STANISLAO CANNIZZARO (1826–1910)
Sketch of a course of chemical philosophy
60. FRIEDRICH AUGUST KEKUL? (1829-1896)
The constitution and metamorphoses of chemical compounds
and the chemical nature of carbon
Studies on aromatic compounds
61. WILHELM K?RNER (1839-1925)
The isomerism of so-called aromatic compounds with six
atoms of carbon
62. MARCELLIN BERTHELOT (1827–1907)
Organic chemistry founded on synthesis
Thermochemical studies
63. VLADIMIR VASIL'EVICH MARKOVNIKOV (1838-1904)
The position of substituting hydrogen in organic compounds
64. JULIUS LOTHAR MEYER (1830-1895)
The nature of the chemical elements as a function of their
atomic weights
65. DMITRIf IVANOVICH MENDELEEV (1834-1907)
The relation between the properties and atomic weights of
the elements
A natural system of the elements and its use in predicting the
properties of undiscovered elements
66. JACOBUS HENRICUS VAN'T HOFF (1852-1911)
Structures in space and optical activity of organic compounds
The role of osmotic pressure in the analogy betiveen solutions
and gases
67. JOSEPH ACHILLE LE BEL (1847-1930)
On the relations which exist between the atomic formulas of
organic compounds and the rotatory powers of their
solutions
68. VICTOR MEYER (1848-1897)
The theory of steric hindrance
69. ADOLF BAEYER (1835-1917)
The strain theory
70. CATO MAXIMILIAN GULDBERG (1836-1902) and PETER WAAGE
(1833-1900)
The law of mass action
71. FRAN?OIS-MARIE RAOULT (1830-1901)
General law of the freezing of solutions
General law of the vapor pressure of solvents
72. JOSIAH WILLARD GIBBS (1839-1903)
On coexistent phases of matter
73. HENRI LOUIS LE CHATELIER (1850-1936)
A general statement of the laws of chemical equilibrium
74. SVANTE ARRHENIUS (1859-1927)
On the dissociation of substances dissolved in water
75. WILHELM FRIEDRICH OSTWALD (1853-1932)
The dilution law
The theory of catalysis
76. HERMANN WALTHER NERNST (1864-1941)
On the process of solution of solid bodies
The reciprocal effect of the solubility of salts
77. EMIL FISCHER (1852-1919)
The configuration of grape sugar and its isomers
78. EDUARD BUCHNER (1860–1917)
Alcoholic fermentation without yeast cells
79. FRIEDRICH KARL JOHANNES THIELE (1865-1918)
The theory of unsaturated and aromatic compounds
80. MOSES GOMBERG (1866-1947)
An instance of tervalent carbon: triphenyl methyl
81. ALFRED WERNER (1866-1919)
The constitution of inorganic compounds
82. MARIE CURIE (1867-1934)
Researches on radio-active substances
83. Bibliography of biographies
Name Index
[