內容大鋼
本書是專門為外國留學生、合作辦學學生和準備出國留學的中國學生編寫的全英文地球科學基礎教材，主要介紹從事地球科學相關工作所需的基礎知識，內容聚焦于地球物質組成、地殼的變形變位、地球演化歷史和控制這些地質現象的地質作用等相關知識和技能，主要內容包括組成地球物質的元素、礦物和岩石，控制這些物質空間分佈的各種地質作用及特徵，反映地球演化歷程的地層古生物記錄，以及與人類生存環境息息相關的地質災害等。書中較為詳細地介紹了有關地球科學的一些基礎知識、基本概念和基本原理，涉及地球科學中的地理科學、地質學、地球化學、地球物理學、大氣科學、海洋科學、環境地球化學等方面。
本書可作為高等院校各專業的地球科學全英文教材，也可作為教師或科技人員的參考書。
目錄
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Earth Sciences
1.2 The Importance of Earth Sciences
1.3 The Scientific Method
1.4 Introduction to Geology
Chapter 2 Star, Space and Galaxies
2.1 Universe
2.1.1 In the Beginning: the Big Bang
2.1.2 The Nonhomogeneous Universe
2.2 Milky Way
2.2.1 The Nucleus of the Milky Way
2.2.2 Galactic Nebulae
2.3 Sun
2.3.1 The Sun's Inner Structure
2.3.2 The Photosphere
2.3.3 The Sun's Outer Layers
2.4 Planets
2.4.1 Mercury
2.4.2 Venus
2.4.3 Earth
2.4.4 Mars
2.4.5 Jupiter
2.4.6 Saturn
2.4.7 Uranus
2.4.8 Neptune
Chapter 3 Geological Process
3.1 The Theory of Plate Tectonics
3.2 How Plate Tectonics Affect Earth's Surface
3.2.1 Volcanoes
3.2.2 Earthquakes
3.2.3 Mountain Building
Chapter 4 Petrology and Mineralogy
4.1 Elements
4.1.1 Distribution and Clark Value of Elements in the Crust of Earth
4.1.2 Migration and Enrichment of Elements in the Crust of Earth
4.2 Mineralogy
4.2.1 Concept of Minerals
4.2.2 Physical Properties of Minerals
4.2.3 Main Rock Forming Minerals
4.3 Petrology
4.3.1 Igneous Rocks
4.3.2 Sedimentary Rocks
4.3.3 Metamorphic Rocks
Chapter 5 Atmospheric Science (Atmosphere)
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Origin, Composition and Structure of the Earth's Atmosphere
5.2.1 Origin of Atmosphere
5.2.2 Composition of Atmosphere
5.2.3 Atmospheric Vertical Stratification
5.3 Atmospheric Movement
5.4 Climate Change
5.4.1 Climate Formation and Classification
5.4.2 Changing Climate
5.4.3 Possible Causes of Climate Change
5.5 Land-Atmosphere Interactions
Chapter 6 Marine Geology and Hydrology
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Hydrosphere
6.3 Marine Topography
6.3.1 Coastal Topography
6.3.2 Continental Margin Topography
6.4 Marine Geological Processes
6.4.1 Movement of Sea Water
6.4.2 Chemical Action of Seawater
6.4.3 Role of Marine Life
6.4.4 Erosion of Waves
6.4.5 Erosion of Tidal Current and Ocean Current
6.4.6 Erosion of Turbidity Current
6.4.7 Erosion of Marine Life
6.4.8 Sea Water Handling
6.4.9 Marine Sedimentation
6.5 Surface Water
6.5.1 Rivers
6.5.2 Lakes
6.5.3 Wetlands and Soil Water
6.5.4 Snow and Ice
6.6 Groundwater
Chapter 7 Geophysics/Earth's Structure
7.1 Earth Systems
7.2 Earth's Internal Layered Structure
7.2.1 Earth's Crust
7.2.2 Earth's Mantle
7.2.3 Inner and Outer Core
7.3 Isostasy
7.4 Gravity
7.5 Earth's Magnetic Field
7.5.1 Magnetic Reversals
7.5.2 Magnetic Anomalies
7.6 Earth's Temperature
7.6.1 Geothermal Gradient
7.6.2 Heat Flow
Chapter 8 Tectonics
8.1 Continental Drift
8.2 Seafloor Spreading
8.2.1 Mapping the Ocean Floor
8.2.2 Ocean-Floor Topography
8.2.3 Ocean Rocks and Sediments
8.2.4 Magnetism
8.2.5 Seafloor Spreading
8.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics
8.3.1 Divergent Plate Boundaries
8.3.2 The Mid-Oceanic Ridge. Rifting in the Oceans
8.3.3 Splitting Continents: Rifting in Continental Crust
8.3.4 Convergent Plate Boundaries
8.3.5 Transform Plate Boundaries
8.4 Causes of Plate Motions
8.4.1 Convection
8.4.2 Push and Pull
8.5 Supercontinents
8.6 Vertical Movement of the Lithosphere
Chapter 9 Geochronology
9.1 Geochronology Methods
9.1.1 Relative Dating
9.1.2 Absolute Dating
9.1.3 Magnetostratigraphy
9.2 Geologic Time Scale
9.2.1 Composition of Geological Time Scale
9.2.2 The Introduction to the Phanerozoic
Chapter 10 Stratigraphy
10.1 Principles of Stratigraphy
10.2 Stratigraphic Classification
10.2.1 Lithostratigraphic Units
10.2.2 Biostratigraphic Units
10.2.3 Chronostratigraphic and Geochronological Units
10.3 Stratotypes
Chapter 11 Paleontology, Paleoanthropology and Paleoeeology
11.1 Paleontology
11.1.1 Trace Fossils
11.1.2 Classification of Paleontology
11.1.3 Nomenclature of Paleontology
11.1.4 Paleontological Evolution
11.1.5 Trilobites
11.1.6 Plant Fossils
11.2 Paleoanthropology
11.3 Palaeoecology
Chapter 12 Applied Geology I
12.1 Ore and Ore Deposits
12.1.1 Magmatic Processes
12.1.2 Hydrothermal Processes
12.1.4 Sedimentary Processes
12.2 Petroleum
12.2.1 Formation of Petroleum
12.3 Natural Gas
12.4 Unconventional Petroleum and Gas Reservoirs
12.4.1 Coal Bed Methane
12.4.2 Tar Sands
12.5 Coal Geology
12.5.1 Coal
12.5.2 Coal Formation
12.5.3 Lithotypes
12.5.4 Macerals
12.5.5 Coal Rank
12.5.6 Coal Geology in Mining
Chapter 13 Applied Geology
13.1 Engineering Geology
13.1.1 Weathering
13.1.2 Debris Flow
13.1.3 Karst
13.1.4 Landslide and Collapse
13.1.5 Earthquake
13.2 Hydrogeology
13.2.1 Introduction
13.2.2 Development and Utilization of Groundwater
13.3 Geothermic Geology
13.3.1 Introduction
13.3.2 Geothermal System Type
13.3.3 Geothermal Development and Utilization
Chapter 14 Exploration Engineering
14.1 Geophysical Exploration
14.1.1 Gravity Exploration
14.1.2 Electrical Prospecting
14.1.3 Magnetic Exploration
14.1.4 Seismic Exploration
14.2 Drilling Exploration
14.3 Pit Exploration
References
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