Preface List of symbols Chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet 1 Introduction 1.1 Howthe course is organised 1.2 The English Phonetics and Phonology website 1.3 Phonemes and other aspects of pronunciation 1.4 Accents and dialects 2 The production of speech sounds 2.1 Articulators abovethe larynx 2.2 Vowel and consonant 2.3 English short vowels 3 Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs 3.1 English long vowels 3.2 Diphthongs 3.3 Triphthongs 4 Voicing and consonants 4.1 The larynx 4.2 Respiration and voicing 4.3 Plosives 4.4 English plosives 4.5 Fortisand lenis 5 Phonemes and symbols 5.1 The phoneme 5.2 Symbols and transcription 5.3 Phonology 6 Fricatives and affricates 6.1 Production of fricatives and affricates 6.2 The fricatives of English 6.3 The affricates of English 6.4 Fortis consonants 7 Nasals and other consonants 7.1 Nasals 7.2 The consonantl 7.3 The consonantr 7.4 The consonantsj and w 8 The syllable 8.1 The nature of the syllable 8.2 The structure of the English syllable 8.3 Syllable division 9 Strongand weak syllables 9.1 Strong and weak 9.2 The ? vowel ("schwa") 9.3 Close front and close back vowels 9.4 Syllabic consonants 10 Stress in simple words 10.1 The nature of stress 10.2 Levels of stress 10.3 Placement of stress within the word 11 Complex word stress
11.1 Complex words 11.2 Suffixes 11.3 Prefixes 11.4 Compound words 11.5 Variable stress 11.6 Word-class pairs 12 Weak forms 13 Problems in phonemic analysis 13.1 Affricates 13.2 The English vowel system 13.3 Syllabic consonants 13.4 Clusters ofswith plosives 13.5 Schwa (?) 13.6 Distinctive features 13.7 Conclusion 14 Aspects of connected speech 14.1 Rhythm 14.2 Assimilation 14.3 Elision 14.4 Linking 15 Intonation 15.1 Form and function in intonation 15.2 Tone and tone languages 15.3 Complex tones and pitch height 15.4 Some functions of English tones 15.5 Tones on other words 16 Intonation 16.1 The tone-unit 16.2 The structure ofthetone-unit 16.3 Pitch possibilities in the simple tone-unit 17 Intonation 17.1 Fall-rise and rise-fall tones followed by a tail 17.2 High and low heads 17.3 Problems in analysing the form of intonation 17.4 Autosegmentaltreatment of intonation 18 Functions of intonation 1 18.1 The attitudinal function of intonation 18.2 Expressing attitudes 19 Functions of intonation 2 19.1 The accentual function of intonation 19.2 The grammatical function of intonation 19.3 The discourse function of intonation 19.4 Conclusions 20 Varieties of English pronunciation 20.1 The studyofvariety 20.2 Geographicalvariation 2o.3 Other sources of variation Recorded exercises Audio Unit 1: Introduction Audio Unit 2: English short vowels
Audio Unit 3: Long vowels, diphthongs and triphthongs Audio Unit4: Plosives Audio Unit 5: Revision Audio Unit 6: Fricatives and affricates Audio Unit 7: Further consonants Audio Unit 8: Consonant clusters Audio Unit 9: Weak syllables Audio Unit lO: Word stress Audio Unit 11: Complex word stress Audio Unit 12: Weak forms Audio Unit 13: Revision Audio Unit 14: Elisions and rhythm Audio Unit 15: Tones Audio Unit 16: The tone-unit Audio Unit 17: intonation Audio Unit 18: Intonation: extracts from conversation Audio Unit 19: Further practice on connected speech Audio Unit 2o: Transcription of connected speech Answers to written exercises Answers to recorded exercises Recommendations for general reading Bibliography Index
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