目錄
List of Activities
List of Figures and Tables
1 Introduction
The linguistics applied approach: generative linguistics and second language learning
The applied linguistics of second language learning
Language as a social semiotic
The emergence of cognitive linguistics
Ending the LA-AL divide
The purpose of the book
Part Ⅰ Embodied Experience
2 The Problem of Linguistic Meaning
Introduction
The problem of meaning
Language learning as category learning
Conclusions
3 Conceptualisation, Embodiment and the Origins of Meaning
Introduction
Proprioception: how the body remains aware of its own position in space
Not seeing but conceptualising
Cognitive development and infant movement
Aplasic phantoms
Mirror neurons
The nature of language: image schemas and embodied cognition
Education and embodiment
Language teaching and embodiment: language as rhythm and movement
Language teaching and embodiment: mime, enactment and movement
Language teaching and embodiment: rethinking TPR Conclusions
4 Gesture
Introduction
The importance of gesture in communication
Gesture in education
Gesture and teaching prepositions
Gesture and English articles
Conclusions
Part Ⅱ Conceptualisation
5 Language, Culture and Linguistic Relativity
Introduction
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Meaning and conceptualisation
Linguistic relativity: how different is different?
Experimental evidence for linguistic relativity
To learn new meanings, do we have to conceptualise the world differently?
Second language errors and linguistic relativity
Errors that use first language forms and meanings within the second language
Errors that over-generalise some acquired formal or semantic feature of the second languageFalse friends
The problem of separating meaning from conceptualisation
Can one change a conceptualisation?
Language, culture and conceptualisation in the classroom
Language, culture and learning
Different meanings for different languages
Conclusions
6 Conceptualisation and Construal
Introduction
Construal operations
Attention and salience
Attention, salience and enactive SLA
Metonymy: attention and salience
Scope of attention
Scalar adjustment
Dynamic attention
Judgment and comparison
Category formation
Category formation and language teaching
Metaphor
Metaphor and language teaching
Metaphor analysis
Metaphor and target language differentiation
The explanatory power of metaphor and analogy
Using metaphor to learn second language lexis and grammar
Figure-ground conceptual operations, force dynamics and action chains
Perspectives and situatedness
Deixis
Constitution/gestalt
Geometry
Conclusions
Part Ⅲ Meaning and Usage
7 Teaching Encyclopaedic Meaning
Introduction
Word networks: hyponymy and schematicity
Word networks: meronymy
Crossing category borders
Knowledge types and encyclopaedic meaning
Finding the frame
Phonological sense relations
Conclusions
8 Usage and Grammatical Meaning
Introduction
Constructions
Type and token
Usage
Language learning as construction learning
Recognising constructions
Teaching constructions
Teaching filled constructions: idioms
Teaching partially filled constructions: lexis, meaning and conceptualisation
Teaching partially filled constructions: bound morphemes, inflections and lexis
Teaching partially filled constructions: bound morphemes
Teaching partially filled constructions: lexis and morphemes
Teaching partially filled constructions: lexis
Teaching unfilled constructions
Routines for more advanced students: lexis, meaning and conceptualisation
Encountering constructions
Finding useful forms
Conclusions
Part Ⅳ Conclusions
9 Towards a Cognitive Linguistics Syllabus
Introduction
Product and process
Language teaching implications
Re-embedding linguistic form in the imagery and movement from which it emerged
Engage the learners in the explicit analysis of form and meaning
A forum for usage
Sequencing
Bibliography
Index
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