為科學家提供的基本流體動力學(英文版)/國外優秀物理著作原版系列
內容大鋼
本書的內容是作者在波恩大學為碩士生開設的一門流體力學課程的基礎上撰寫的。讀者需要掌握非常基本的熱力學和向量微積分的知識才可以無障礙地閱讀本書。本書偏向于天體物理學和地球物理學的應用,如可能在恆星或海洋中發現的波浪類型。書中許多原理都是通過日常經驗中的例子來說明的,例如,水龍頭流出的水在洗手盆表面擴散時所形成的水力衝擊與天體物理衝擊現象有關。書中還相對簡短地提及了諸如邊界層、管道流動和空氣動力學等主題,介紹了磁流體力學,該部分是對流體力學對導電流體的擴展。本書適合物理及相關專業師生使用,也適合物理愛好者參考閱讀。
作者介紹
(英)喬納森·布雷斯韋特|責編:劉家琳
本書的作者為喬納森·布雷斯韋特(Jonathan Braithwaite)教授,早在牛津大學瓦德漢學院學習物理時,喬納森就開始學習滑翔,他想飛得更高,想到星星可能會教給我們一些東西時,他便開始學習天體物理學。他在慕尼黑的馬克斯·普朗克天體物理學研究所與阿姆斯特丹大學合作獲得博士學位。從理論上講,所有地方的恆星都是一樣的,所以他在多倫多的加拿大理論天體物理研究所(Canadian Institutefor Theoretical Astrophysics)做了一段時間的研究,然後回到德國波恩大學工作。他的研究集中在一些以天文學為背景的流體力學、磁流體力學等方面,包括各種恆星以及星際和星系間的介質問題,重點研究了主序星和中子星的磁場。2015年,他放棄了研究工作,全身心投入到各種環境和國際發展項目中。
目錄
Preface
Author biography
1 Introduction
1.1 The fluid approximation
1.2 The hydrodynamic equations
Exercise
2 Some basic concepts
2.1 Visualisation
2.2 Sound waves
2.3 Compressibility
2.3.1 The incompressible equations of motion
2.4 Rotation of fluid elements
2.4.1 Cireulation
2.4.2 Vorticity
2.4.3 Potential flo w
2.5 Gravitationally stratified fluid
2.5.1 Hydrostatic equilibrium
2.5.2 The Boussinesq and anelastic approximations
2.5.3 The hydrostatic approximation
Exercises
References
3 Steady flow of an ideal fluid
3.I Bernoulli's equation
3.1.1 Applications of Bernoulli's equation
3.2 Subsonic and supersonic flow
3.3 Flow through a nozzle
3.4 Stellar winds and accretion
Exercises
References
4 Viscosity
4.1 The viscous stress tensor
4.2 Viscous heating
4.3 Examples of viscous flow
4.4 Similarity and dimensionless parameters
4.5 Regimes of viscous flow: example of flow past a solid body
4.6 Boundary layers
4.7 Heat diffusion
Exercises
Reference
5 Waves and instabilities
5.1 Surface gravity waves
5.1.1 The shallow-water equations
5.2 One fluid on top of another fluid
5.3 Shear instability between two fluids
5.4 Internal gravity waves
5.5 Convection
5.6 Baroclinic instability
5.7 Turbulence
5.8 The Jeans instability
Exercises
References
6 Shocks
6.1 Viscous versus pressure gradient force
6.2 The jump conditions
6.3 Contexts
6.4 Hydraulic jumps
Exercises
7 Vorticity and rotating fluids
7.1 Vortices
7.2 The vorticity equation
7.3 The momentum equation in a rotating frame of reference
7.4 The centrifugal force and the von Zeipel paradox
7.5 The vorticity equation in a rotating frame
7.6 Inertial waves
7.7 The Taylor-Proudman theorem
7.8 The geostrophic approximation
7.9 Rossby waves
Exercises
References
8 Magnetohydrodynamics: equations and basic concepts
8.1 The MHD equations
8.2 The MHD approximation
8.3 The magnetic and other fields
8.4 A brief note concerning units
8.5 Field lines, flux conservation and flux freezing
8.6 Magnetic diffusivity
8.7 Magnetic pressure, tension and energy density
8.8 Waves
8.9 Different regimes in MHD
8.10 Magnetic helicity
8.11 MHD equilibria
Exercises
References
9 MHD: astrophysical contexts
9.1 The solar corona
9.1.1 Force-free and potential fields
9.1.2 Energy minima
9.1.3 Reconnection
9.2 Jets: launching, collimation and instabilities
9.2.1 Launching
9.2.2 Collimation
9.2.3 Instability
9.3 Angular momentum transport in discs
9.3.1 MRI: physical mechanism
and stability condition
9.3.2 The dispersion relation
9.3.3 MRI:remarks
Exercises
References
Appendix A: Useful information
編輯手記