Introduction and Acknowledgement Chapter l：Introduction 1.1 Researchbackground 1.2 Researchaimandobjectives 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Research approaches 1.5 Significance ofthe research 1.6 The structure ofthe book Chapter 2：Literature Review 2.1 Pragmatics and implicatures 2.1.1 Pragmatics 2.1.2 Impficatures in Classic Pragmatics(from the mid一1960s to mid一1980s) 2.1.3 Implicatures in Contemporary Pragmatics(since the mid一1980s) 2.1.4 Distinction of Implicatures 2.2 Implicatures in literary translation studies 2.2.1 Gutt's shift from current scientific method 2.2.2 Interpretive use oflanguage 2.2.3 Descriptive use in translation 2.2.4 Problems in secondary communication situations 2.2.5 Translation theory based on interpretive use 2.2.6 Some phenomena of implicatures 2.3 Other issues related to implicatures in translation 2.3.1 From single language to translation 2.3.2 Fromwhatitmeanstohowitis expressed 2.3.3 From natural conversations to author—intended discourse 2.3.4 Fromwordstothemes 2.4 Inferential process in implicature 2.4.1 Automatic and strategic processes 2.4.2 The standards of coherence 2.4.3 Interpretive inference in literature Chapter 3：Readers』Comprehension of Implicatures intheDoubleLayersofConversation 3.1 Explicatures and implicatures 3.2 A case of double layers 3.3 The ambiguity ofexplicatures and implicatures in literary translation Chapter 4：Implicatures of Characterization and"[heir Deletion in Literary Translation 4.1 Implicatures in indirect presentation 4.1.1 External appearance 4.1.2 Environment 4.2 Implicatures in reinforcement by analogy 4.2.1 Analogous environment 4.2.2 Analogy between characters 4.3 Deletion and its impacts on implicatures 4_3.1 Character's emotions toward contrasted characters 4.3.2 Complexity of emotions 4.3.3 Overall effect：readers』perception ofthe theme Chapter 5：Implicatures~hrough Orchestration 5.1 Downplaying implicatures of emotions 5.2 Readers』expectationandatranslator'schoice
5.2.1 MoYaninChineseliteraryworld 5.2.2 MoYanintheWestwodd 5.2.3 MoYan'sworkinthe eyesofGoldblatt 5.3 Strengthening implicatures of politics 5.4 Positioning reader's expectation with genre 5.4.1 Names 5.4.2 Brackets and italics 5.4.3 Dates 5.4.4 Paragraphs 5.4.5 Genre characteristics in the original 5.5 Positioningreader's expectationwithparatext 5.6 Conclusion Chapter 6：The Process of Comprehending an Implicature 6.1 Inference and implicature 6.2 Comprehending an inference in cognitive psychology 6.2.1 Passive activation ofinferential information 6.2.2 Strategic processing and its balance with automatic process 6.2.3 Referential and causal inference 6.3 1me original and translation readers』inferencing processes of comprehending an implicature 6.4 Source ofdifferences and problems a translator may confront Chapter 7：Conclusion References Appendix l：汪曾祺：((尾巴》 Appendix2：ATail Appendix3：excerpt from汪曾祺：《陳小手》 Appendix4：excerpt from Small—hands Chen Appendix5：excerptfrom莫言：《變》 Appendix6：excerptfromChange
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