Table 1 Summary of language teacher cognition research Table 2 Top 20 most cited references in research about language teachers' beliefs Table 3 Ten assessment instruments for teachers' belief studies Table 4 ELT methodology Table 5 Differences between methodology and pedagogy Table 6 Implemented pedagogy Table 7 Comparison between R methodology and Q sorting Table 8 Vital characteristics of final P-set participants Table 9 Factor Ioadings of P-set after varimax rotation Table 10 P-set numbers and identification codes based on the four-factor solution Table 11 Correlation between factor scores Table 12 Demographic characteristics of P-set individuals based on four factors Table 13 Statements characterizing Factor A beliefs Table 14 Statements characterizing Factor B beliefs Table 15 Statements characterizing Factor C beliefs Table 16 Statements characterizing Factor D beliefs Table 17 Detailed information on the three case study teachers