Chapter 1 Articular Cartilage and Biotribology 1.1 Biomaterials and Biotribology 1.2 Biotribology of Organism Biomaterials 1.2.1 Biotribology in Vitro 1.2.2 Biotribology in Vivo 1.3 Biotribology of the Human Body 1.4 Articular Cartilage System 1.5 Surface and Contact Observation of Articular Cartilage 1.6 Biomechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage 1.7 Lubrication Performance of Joints 1.8 Repair of Articular Cartilage 1.8.1 Tissue Engineering Cartilage 1.8.2 Artificial Joint Material 1.9 Friction in Joint Replacement 1.9.1 Artificial Hip Joint 1.9.2 Artificial Knee Replacement Chapter 2 Composition and Structure of Articular Cartilage and Preparation and Observation of Samples 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Preparation of Natural Cartilage Samples 2.3 Preparation of Artificial Cartilage Samples 2.3.1 Common Methods for Preparing PVA Hydrogel 2.3.2 Preparation of PVA Hydrogel 2.4 Structural Observation of Natural Cartilage and Artificial Cartilage 2.4 .I Test Method 2.4.2 Observation of Human Cartilage 2.4.3 Observation of Bovine Cartilage 2.4.4 Observation of PVA Hydrogel Artificial Cartilage 2.4 Analysis of Natural Cartilage Elements 2.4.1 Analysis of Human Cartilage Surface 2.4.2 Analysis of Bovine Cartilage Surface 2.4.3 Sectional Analysis of Cartilage 2.5 Summary Chapter 3 Articular Cartilage Surface 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Measurement of Surface Roughness of Articular Cartilage 3.3 AFM-Based Cartilage Surface Study 3.3.1 Test Method 3.3.2 AFM Observation of Human Articular Cartilage 3.3.3 AFM Observation of Bovine Articular Cartilage 3.3.4 AFM Observation of PVA Hydrogel Artificial Cartilage 3.4 Effect of the Amorphous Layer on Surface Properties 3.4.1 Surface Observation and Elemental Analysis After Removal of Cartilage Amorphous Layer 3.4.2 AFM Observation of Human Articular Cartilage After Removal of the Amorphous Layer 3.5 Infiltration Performance of Articular Cartilage Surface 3.5.1 Principle of Contact Angle 3.5.2 Measurement Method of Contact Angle 3.5.3 Factors Affecting Contact Angle Measurement 3.5.4 Test Method 3.5.5 Contact Angles of Different Materials 3.5.6 Surface Tension and Adhesion Work
3.6 Analysis of the Influence of Surface Properties of the Articular Cartilage on Friction Performance 3.6.1 Effect of the Surface Amorphous Layer on Friction Properties 3.6.2 Effect of Wetting Properties on Friction Properties 3.7 Summary Chapter 4 Mechanical Properties of the Articular Cartilage Surface and Exposure Studies 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Mechanical Properties Test of Articular Cartilage 4.2.1 Test Method 4.2.2 Stress-Strain Relationship of Cartilage 4.2.3 Compression Modulus of Cartilage 4.2.4 Cartilage Creep 4.2.5 Stress Relaxation of Cartilage 4.3 Analysis of the Effect of Mechanical Properties of the Articular Cartilage on Friction Performance 4.4 Contact Surface of Articular Cartilage 4.4.1 Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope 4.4.2 Fluorescent Materials and Fluorescence Analysis 4.4.3 Test Method 4.4.4 Test Results 4.5 Analysis of the Influence of Articular Cartilage Surface Contact on Friction Performance 4.6 Summary Chapter 5 Friction Behavior of Natural and Artificial Cartilage 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Development of Dual-Purpose Friction Testing Machine 5.2.1 Common Reciprocating Friction Testing Machine 5.2.2 Test Requirements 5.3 Reciprocating Linear Motion Friction Test 5.3.1 Test Method 5.3.2 Friction Properties of Carilage and Stainless Steel 5.3.3 Wear Observation of Cartilage and Stainless Steel 5.3.4 Cartilage and PVA Hydrogel Friction Properties 5.3.5 Observation of Cartilage and PVA Hydrogel Wear 5.4 Analysis of Friction and Wear Mechanism of Reciprocating Linear Motion 5.4.1 Cartilage and Stainless Steel 5.4.2 Cartilage and PVA Hydrogel 5.5 Reciprocating Rotary Motion Friction Test 5.5.1 Test Method 5.5.2 Cartilage and Ceramic Ball Head Friction Properties 5.5.3 Wear Observation of Cartilage and Ceramic Ball Head 5.6 Friction Mechanism Analysis of Reciprocating Rotary Motion 5.7 Summary Chapter 6 Friction Behavior of Cartilage Under Dynamic Load 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Dynamic Load Test of Cartilage 6.2.1 Test Method 6.2.2 Friction Between Cartilage and Different Materials 6.2.3 Analysis of Friction Mechanism of Cartilage Under Dynamic Load 6.3 Effect of Material Surface Roughness on Cartilage Friction Properties 6.3.1 Test Method 6.3.2 Influence of Roughness on Friction Performance 6.4 Comparison of Tribological Properties of Human Cartilage and Bovine Cartilage
6.4.1 Test Method 6.4.2 Comparison of Tribological Properties of Human Cartilage and Bovine Cartilage 6.5 Summary Chapter 7 Tribological Behavior of Articular Cartilage in Compound Movement 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Knee Movement 7.3 Standards and Classification of Artificial Knee Joint Simulation Testing Machine 7.3.1 Application of Simulation Testing Machine 7.3.2 ISO Standard for Knee Joint Simulation Test 7.3.3 Three Types of Testing Machines 7.3.4 Comparison of Testing Machines 7.4 Development of Artificial Knee Joint Simulation Testing Machine 7.4.1 Structural Design 7.4.2 Mechanism 7.4.3 Motion Parameters 7.5 Test Method 7.5.1 Sample Preparation 7.5.2 Test Equipment 7.5.3 Test Procedure 7.6 Friction and Wear of Articular Cartilage Under Combined Motion 7.6.1 Force and Motion Curves 7.6.2 Bovine Cartilage/Stainless Steel for One Hour 7.6.3 Bovine Cartilage/Stainless Steel Heavy Load Exercise for 20 Minutes 7.6.4 Bovine Cartilage/Stainless Steel Heavy Load Exercise for One Hour 7.6.5 Human Cartilage/Stainless Steel Heavy Load Exercise for One Hour 7.6.6 ESEM Observation and Elemental Analysis 7.6.7 Abrasive Particle Analysis 7.7 Analysis of Friction and Wear Mechanism of Articular Cartilage in Compound Movement Mode 7.7.1 Comparison of Test Results 7.7.2 Wear Analysis 7.7.3 Co mparison of Friction Between Reciprocating Motion and Compound Motion 7.8 Summary Chapter 8 Research on Micro Tribology and Nanomechanical Properties of Cartilage 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Application of AFM 8.3 Test Method 8.3.1 Sample Preparation and Test Equipment 8.3.2 Probe Modification 8.3.3 Probe Calibration 8.4 Micro Friction Test of Cartilage 8.4.1 Effect of Load on Friction 8.4.2 Effect of Speed on Friction 8.5 Micro-Wear Test of Cartilage 8.5 .I Effect of Friction Time on Wear 8.5.2 Effect of Load on Wear 8.6 Nanomechanical Properties of Cartilage 8.7 Micro Friction and Macro Friction Wear 8.8 Summary References
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