目錄
Preface by Lang Ying
Preface by Mark Bender
Translator』s Foreword
Profile of the Author
Introduction
Introduction toA Study ofthe KirgizEpicManas by Lang Ying
Part One The Oral Tradition as a Living Form
Chapter One Introduction
Ⅰ.The Features ofthe Heroic Epics inNorthern China
Ⅱ.The Transmission ofManas and Its Main Characteristics
Chapter Two Manas and the Life of the Kirgiz Ethnic Group
Ⅰ. The Historical Background of the Epic M anas
Ⅱ.The Social Life of the Kirgiz After the W estward Migration in M anas
Ⅲ.Traditional Customs Reflected in Manas
Ⅳ.Manas—The Soul of the Kirgiz Ethnic Group
Chapter Three The Formative Age of Manas
Ⅰ.The N otion of 「the Formative Age of an Epic
Ⅱ.Several Views on the Formative Age of Manas
Ⅲ .The Analysis of the Formative Age of Manas
Ⅳ."Kitay"and"Beijing"in Manas
Chapter Four Variations of Manas
Ⅰ.The Incremental Development of Manas
Ⅱ.「school of Tianshan」and『『School of Pamir
Ⅲ.Variations ofManas
Ⅳ.Acmparison cIftheVersions。fJtistip Mamay and Eshmat Manbetistip
Chapter Five Manaschis: The Inheritors and Transmitters of Manas
Ⅰ.Manaschis and the Dissemination of Manas
Ⅱ．Manaschis，Participation in the Creation of Manas
Ⅲ.Famous Chinese Manaschis
Chapter Six Audiences_The Life of Manas
Ⅰ.Audiences as the Main Agent in the Dissemination of Oral Epis
Ⅱ.The Audienc Active R n the Diseinatin,Develp ent and Variations of Manas
Ⅲ..Cultural and Psychological Qualities of the Audience of Manas
Ⅳ.The Reception, Effect and Influence of Manas
Part Two Text and Literary Qualities
Chapter Seven The Characters of Manas
Ⅰ.The Hero Manas
Ⅱ.Semetey:The Son of Manas
Ⅲ.Seytek, Kenenim and Seyit: The Grandchildren of Manas
Ⅳ.The Khagans and Warriors of Manas
Ⅴ.The Images of Women in Manas
Chapter Eight The Aesthetic Features of Manas
Ⅰ.The Tragic Beauty of Manas
Ⅱ.The Sublime Beauty of Manas
Chapter Nine The Narrative Structure of M anas
Ⅰ.Narrative Time and Narrative Mode
Ⅱ.Narrative Perspectives
Ⅲ.Narrative Structure and Patterns
Ⅳ.Narrative Language
Ⅴ.Narrative Strategies
Chapter Ten Manas and the Kirgiz Folk Literature
Ⅰ.Manas and the Kirgiz Myths
Ⅱ.Manas and the Heroic Legend Alip Manash
Ⅲ.Manasand the Kirgiz Folk Narative Poemns
Ⅳ.Manas and the Kirgiz Folk Songs
Part Three The Comparisons and Concluding Reflections
Chapter Eleven Manas and Turkic Epics
Ⅰ.Manas and Ancient Turkic Heroic Inscription Literature
Ⅱ.Common Themes of Manas and the Turkic Heroic Epics
Ⅲ.TheCommom Motifts of Manas and the Turkic Heroic Epics
Ⅳ.Sinilaries and Dieences Between Manas and the Tukic Epics
Chapter Twelve Manas and Eastern and Western Epics
Ⅰ.Manas Compared to Jangar and Gesar
Ⅱ.Manas and the Greek Epics
Chapter Thirteen Manas and Religious Culture
Ⅰ.Manas and Shamanic Culture
Ⅱ.The Influence of Islam on M anas
Bibliography
Appendix 1 Foreign and Chinese Versions of Manas
Appendix 2 Literature Review of the Studies of Manas
Appendix 3 Other Famous Manaschis in China
Index
Translators' Afterword 1
Translators' Afterword 2
Series Acknowledgements
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