1 Basic Information About Research Paper Writing 1.1 Characteristics of a Research Paper 1.2 Types of Research 1.3 Types of Research Papers 1.3.1 Papers Based on Empirical Data 1.3.2 Papers Based on Critical Analysis 1.3.3 Papers Based on Historical Research 2 Stages of Writing a Research Paper 2.1 Pre-writing 2.1.1 Selecting and Narrowing a Topic 2.1.1.1 Studies of British and American Literature 2.1.1.2 Studies of English Linguistics 2.1.1.3 Studies of Language and Culture 2.1.1.4 Studies of English Teaching 2.1.1.5 Studies of Translation 2.1.2 Conducting Research 2.1.2.1 Conducting Primary Research 2.1.2.2 Conducting Secondary Research 2.1.3 Creating a Working Bibliography 2.1.3.1 Books 2.1.3.2 Periodical Articles 2.1.3.3 Electronic Sources 2.1.3.4 Interviews 2.1.4 Evaluating the Sources 2.1.4.1 Evaluating Print Sources 2.1.4.2 Evaluating Internet Sources 2.1.5 Creating an Annotated Bibliography 2.1.6 Taking Notes 2.1.6.1 Note-taking Methods 2.1.6.2 Types of Notes 2.1.6.3 Differences Between Paraphrase and Summary 2.1.7 Constructing a Preliminary Outline 2.1.8 Writing a Thesis Proposal 2.1.9 Avoiding Plagiarism 2.1.9.1 Types of Plagiarism 2.1.9.2 Ways to Avoid Plagiarism 2.2 While-writing 2.2.1 Introduction 2.2.2 Conclusion 2.2.3 Literature Review 2.2.4 Abstract 2.2.5 Things to Keep in Mind 2.2.5.1 Preparing to Write the Rough Draft 2.2.5.2 Incorporating the Source Material 2.2.5.3 Using the Proper Tense 2.2.5.4 Presenting Information Visually 2.3 Post-writing 2.3.1 Revising 2.3.1.1 Revising for Content and Organization 2.3.1.2 Revising for Style
2.3.1.3 Revising for Effectiveness 2.3.1.4 Revising for a Consistent Documentation Style 2.3.1.5 Proofreading 2.3.2 Dealing with the Final Draft 3 Documentation Styles 3.1 MLA Style 3.1.1 MLA Style: In-text Citations 3.1.1.1 In-text Citation Basics 3.1.1.2 Sample In-text Citations 3.1.2 MLA Style: Works Cited 3.1.2.1 Basic Rules 3.1.2.2 Sample Entries 3.1.2.3 A Sample Works Cited 3.1.3 MLA Style: Content Notes 3.2 APA Style 3.2.1 APA Style: In-text Citations 3.2.1.1 In-text Citation Basics 3.2.1.2 Sample In-text Citations 3.2.2 APA Style: References 3.2.2.1 Basic Rules 3.2.2.2 Sample Entries 3.2.2.3 A Sample References 3.2.3 APA Style: Content Notes 3.3 CMS Style 3.3.1 CMS Style: In-text Citations and Notes 3.3.2 CMS Style: Bibliography/Works Cited 3.3.2.1 Guidelines for a Bibliography or a Works Cited 3.3.2.2 Sample Entries Commonly Used Abbreviations Publishers' Names Two-Letter Abbreviations for US States Bibliography
[