目錄
Preface
Part I Atom-light interaction
The classical physics pathway
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Damped harmonic oscillator
1.3 The damped driven oscillator
1.4 The Bohr model
1.5 de Broglie waves
Appendix 1.A Damping force on an accelerating charge
Appendix 1.B Hanle effect
Appendix 1.C Optical tweezers
2 Interaction of two-level atoms and light
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Quantum mechanical view of driven optical transitions
2.3 Rabi oscillations
2.4 The dressed atom picture
2.5 The Bloch vector and Bloch sphere
Appendix 2.A Pauli matrices for motion of the Bloch vector
Appendix 2.B The Ramsey method
Appendix 2.C Echoes and interferometry
Appendix 2.D Adiabatic rapid passage
Appendix 2.E Superposition and entanglement
3 The atom-light interaction
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The three primary approximations
3.3 Light fields of finite spectral width
3.4 Oscillator strength
3.5 Selection rules
Appendix 3.A Proof of the oscillator strength theorem
Appendix 3.B Electromagnetic fields
Appendix 3.C The dipole approximation
Appendix 3.D Time resolved fluorescence from multilevel atoms
4 "Forbidden" transitions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Extending the electric dipole approximation
4.3 Extending the perturbation approximation
Appendix 4.A Higher-order approximations
5 Spontaneous emission
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Einstein A- and B-coefficients
5.3 Discussion of this semi-classical description
5.4 The Wigner-Weisskopf model
Appendix 5.A The quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator
Appendix 5.B Field quantization
Appendix 5.C Alternative theories to QED
6 The density matrix
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Basic concepts
6.3 The optical Bloch equations
6.4 Power broadening and saturation
Appendix 6.A The Liouville-von Neumann equation
Part II Internal structure
7 The hydrogen atom
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Hamiltonian of hydrogen
7.3 Solving the angular part
7.4 Solving the radial part
7.5 The scale of atoms
7.6 Optical transitions in hydrogen
Appendix 7.A Center-of-mass motion
Appendix 7.B Coordinate systems
Appendix 7.C Commuting operators
Appendix 7.D Matrix elements of the radial wavefunctions
8 Fine structure
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The relativistic mass term
8.3 The fine-structure "spin-orbit" term
8.4 The Darwin term
8.5 Summary of fine structure
8.6 The Dirac equation
8.7 The Lamb shift
Appendix 8.A The Sommerfeld fine-structure constant
Appendix 8.B Measurements of the fine structure
Effects of the nucleus
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Motion, size, and shape of the nucleus
9.3 Nuclear magnetism - hyperfine structure
Appendix 9.A Interacting magnetic dipoles
Appendix 9.B Hyperfine structure for two spin- 1/2 particles
Appendix 9.C The hydrogen maser
10 The alkali-metal atoms
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Quantum defect theory
10.3 Non-penetrating orbits
10.4 Model potentials
10.5 Optical transitions in alkali-metal atoms
Appendix 10.A Quantum defects for the alkalis
Appendix 10.B Numerov method
11 Atoms in magnetic fields
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Hamiltonian for the Zeeman effect
11.3 Zeeman shifts in the presence of the spin-orbit interaction
Appendix 11.A The ground state of atomic hydrogen
Appendix 11.B Positronium
Appendix 11.C The non-crossing theorem
Appendix 11.D Passage through an anti-crossing: Landau-Zener
transitions
12 Atoms in electric fields
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Electric field shifts in spherical coordinates
12.3 Electric field shifts in parabolic coordinates
12.4 Summary
13 Rydherg atoms
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The Bohr model and quantum defects again
13.3 Rydberg atoms in external fields
13.4 Experimental description
13.5 Some results of Rydberg spectroscopy
14 The helium atom
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Symmetry
14.3 The Hamiltonian for helium
14.4 Variational methods
14.5 Doubly excited states
Appendix 14.A Variational calculations
Appendix 14.B Detail on the variational calculations of the
ground state
15 The periodic system of the elements
15.1 The independent particle model
15.2 The Pauli symmetrization principle
15.3 The "Aufbau" principle
15.4 Coupling of many-electron atoms
15.5 Hund's rules
15.6 Hartree-Fock model
15.7 The Periodic Table
Appendix 15.A Paramagnetism
Appendix 15.B The color of gold
16 Molecules
16.1 Introduction
16.2 A heuristic description
16.3 Quantum description of nuclear motion
16.4 Bonding in molecules
16.5 Electronic states of molecules
16.6 Optical transitions in molecules
Appendix 16.A Morse potential
17 Binding in the hydrogen molecule
17.1 The hydrogen molecular ion
17.2 The molecular orbital approach to H2
17.3 The valence bond approach to H2
17.4 Improving the methods
17.5 Nature of the HE bond
Appendix 17.A Confocal elliptical coordinates
Appendix 17.B One-electron, two-center integrals
Appendix 17.C Electron-electron interaction in molecular hydrogen
18 Ultra-cold chemistry
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Long-range molecular potentials
18.3 LeRoy-Bernstein method
18.4 Scattering theory
18.5 The scattering length
18.6 Feshbach molecules
Part III Applications
19 Optical forces and laser cooling
19.1 Two kinds of optical forces
19.2 Low-intensity laser light pressure
19.3 Atomic beam slowing and collimation
19.4 Optical molasses
19.5 Temperature limits
19.6 Experiments in three-dimensional optical molasses
19.7 Cooling below the Doppler temperature
20 Confinement of neutral atoms
20.1 Dipole force optical traps
20.2 Magnetic traps
20.3 Magneto-optical traps
20.4 Optical lattices
21 Bose--Einstein condensation
21.1 Introduction
21.2 The road to BEC
21.3 Quantum statistics
21.4 Mean-field description of the condensate
21.5 Interference of two condensates
21.6 Quantum hydrodynamics
21.7 The superfluid-Mott insulator transition
Appendix 21.A Distribution functions
Appendix 21.B Density of states
22 Cold molecules
22.1 Slowing, cooling, and trapping molecules
22.2 Stark slowing of molecules
22.3 Buffer gas cooling
22.4 Binding cold atoms into molecules
22.5 A case study: photo-association spectroscopy
23 Three-level systems
23.1 Introduction
23.2 The spontaneous and stimulated Raman effects
23.3 Coherent population trapping
23.4 Autler-Townes and EIT
23.5 Stimulated rapid adiabatic passage
23.6 Slow light
23.7 Observations and measurements
Appendix 23.A General case for □(數理化公式)
24 Fundamental physics
24.1 Precision measurements and QED
24.2 Variation of the constants
24.3 Exotic atoms and antimatter
24.4 Bell inequalities
24.5 Parity violation and the anapole moment
24.6 Measuring zero
Part IV Appendix
Appendix A Notation and definitions
Appendix B Units and notation
Appendix C Angular momentum in quantum mechanics
Appendix D Transition strengths
References
Index
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