內容大鋼
沃納·海森堡（1901-1976），20世紀卓越的理論物理學家，1932年諾貝爾物理學獎得主，量子力學的主要創始人，哥本哈根學派的代表人物。他對物理學的主要貢獻是給出了量子力學的矩陣形式（矩陣力學），提出了「不確定性原理」（又稱「海森堡不確定性原理」）和S矩陣理論等。《海森堡量子物理原理》是量子理論的一本經典著作，書中闡述了量子理論的物理意義，特彆著重於粒子圖像和波動圖像的等價性，討論了測不準原理對統一這兩種圖像的意義和必要性，有不少內容是海森伯獨到的見解，特別是對哥本哈根學派的觀點和思想作了完整論述，是這一學派的一本代表作，它對我們了解量子理論的發展歷史很有參考價值。儘管現在量子物理已有了更深入的發展，但海森伯作為量子力學創始人在本書中所闡述的一些觀點和內容，對我們加深對量子理論的理解仍有極高的價值。
目錄
I. INTRODUCTORY
1. Theory and Experiment
2. The Fundamental Concepts of Quantum Theory
a) Wilson Photographs
b) Diffraction of Matter Waves (Davisson and Germer, Thomson, Rupp)
c) The Diffraction of X-Rays
d) The Compton-Simon Experiment
e) The Collision Experiments of Franck and Hertz
II. CRITIQUE OF THE PHYSICAL CONCEPTS OF THE CORPUSCULAR THEORY
1. The Uncertainty Relations
2. Illustrations of the Uncertainty Relations
a) Determination of the Position of a Free Particle
b) Measurement of the Velocity or Momentum of a Free Particle
c) Bound Electrons
d) Energy Measurements
III. CRITIQUE OF THE PHYSICAL CONCEPTS OF THE WAVE THEORY
1. The Uncertainty Relations for Waves
2. Discussion of an Actual Measurement of the Electromagnetic Field
IV. THE STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF QUANTUM THEORY
1. Mathematical Considerations
2. Interference of Probabilities
3. Bohr's Concept of Complementarity
V. DISCUSSION OF IMPORTANT EXPERIMENTS
1. The C. T. R. Wilson Experiments
2. Diffraction Experiments
3. The Experiment of Einstein and Rupp
4. Emission, Absorption, and Dispersion of Radiation
a) Application of the Conservation Laws
b) Correspondence Principle and the Method of Virtual Charges
c) The Complete Treatment of Radiation and Matter
5. Interference and the Conservation Laws
6. The Compton Effect and the Compton-Simon Experiment
7. Radiation Fluctuation Phenomena
8. Relativistic Formulation of the Quantum Theory
APPENDIX: THE MATHEMATICAL APPARATUS OF THE QUANTUM THEORY
1. The Corpuscular Concept of Matter
2. The Transformation Theory
3. The Schr?dinger Equation
4. The Perturbation Method
5. Resonance between Two Atoms: the Physical Interpretation of the Transformation Matrices
6. The Corpuscular Concept for Radiation
7. Quantum Statistics
8. The Wave Concept for Matter and Radiation: Classical Theory
9. Quantum Theory of Wave Fields
10. Application to Waves of Negative Charge
11. Proof of the Mathematical Equivalence of the Quantum Theory of Particles and of Waves
12. Application to the Theory of Radiation
INDEX
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