作者介紹
(美)弗蘭克·奈特//維利姆·楊
維利姆·楊，William F.Young,Jr,MD,MSc,is Professor
of Medicine at Mayo Clinic College of
Medicine,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,Minnesota,USA.
He holds the Tyson Family Endocrinology Clinical
Professorship in Honor of Vahab Fatourechi,MD.He
received his bachelor degree and his medical degree
from Michigan State University and his master of
science degree from the University of Minnesota.Dr.
Young trained in internal medicine at William Beau-
mont Hospital in Royal Oak,Michigan,and completed
a fellowship in endocrinology and metabolism at Mayo
Clinic in Rochester,Minnesota.He has been a member
of the staff at Mayo Clinic since 1984.Dr.Young is
the recipient of multiple education awards including
the Mayo Fellows Association Teacher of the Year
Award in Internal Medicine,the Mayo Clinic Endocri-
nology Teacher of the Year Award,the Mayo School
of Continuing Medical Education Outstanding Faculty
Member Award,and the H.Jack Baskin,MD,Endo-
crine Teaching Award from the American Association
of Clinical Endocrinologists in recognition of his
profound impact in teaching fellows in training.
Professional honors include being a recipient of the
Distinguished Mayo Clinician Award,the Distinction
in Clinical Endocrinology Award from the American
College of Endocrinology,and the Distinguished
Physician Award from the Endocrine Society.Dr.
Young's clinical research focuses on primary aldoste-
ronism and pheochromocytoma.He has published
more than 200 articles on endocrine hypertension and
adrenal and pituitary disorders.Dr.Young has pre-
sented at more than 300 national and international
meetings and has been an invited visiting professor at
more than 100 medical institutions.
目錄
SECTION 1
PITUITARY AND
HYPOTHALAMUS
1-1 Development of the Pituitary Cland
1-2 Divisions of the Pituitary Cland and
Relationship to the Hypothalamus
1-3 Blood Supply of the Pituitary Cland
1-4 Anatomy and Relationships of the
Pituitary Gland
1-5 Relationship of the Pituitary Cland to the
Cavernous Sinus
1-6 Relationships of the Sella Turcica
1-7 Anterior Pituitary Hormones and Feedback
Control
1-8 Posterior Pituitary Gland
1-9 Manifestations of Suprasellar Disease
1-10 Craniopharyngioma
1-11 Effects of Pituitary Tumors on the Visual
Apparatus
1-12 Nontumorous Lesions of the Pituitary
Gland and Pituitary Stalk
1-13 Pituitary Anterior Lobe Deficiency in
Childhood and Adolescence in Boys
1-14 Pituitary Anterior Lobe Deficiency in
Adults
1-15 Selective and Partial Hypopituitarism
1-16 Severe Anterior Pituitary Deficiency or
Panhypopituitarism
1-17 Postpartum Pituitary Infarction (Sheehan
Syndrome)
1-18 Pituitary Apoplexy
1-19 Pituitary Cigantism
1-20 Acromegaly
1-21 Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Tumor
1-22 Corticotropin-Secreting Pituitary
Tumor
1-23 Nelson Syndrome
1-24 Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary
Tumor
1-25 Secretion and Action of Oxytocin
1-26 Secretion and Action of Vasopressin
1-27 Central Diabetes Insipidus
1-28 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in
Children
1-29 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in
Adults
1-30 Tumors Metastatic to the Pituitary
1-31 Surgical Approaches to the Pituitary
SECTION 2
THYROID
2-1 Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid
Glands
2-2 Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid
Glands(cont'd)
2-3 Development of the Thyroid and
Parathyroid Clands
2-4 Development of the Thyroid and
Parathyroid Glands(cont'd)
2-5 Congenital Anomalies of the Thyroid
Gland
2-6 Effects of Thyrotropin on the Thyroid
Gland
2-7 Physiology of Thyroid Hormones
2-8 Graves Disease
2-9 Graves Disease(cont'd)
2-10 Graves Ophthalmopathy
2-11 Thyroid Pathology in Craves Disease
2-12 Clinical Manifestations of Toxic Adenoma
and Toxic Multinodular Goiter
2-13 Pathophysiology of Toxic Adenoma and
Toxic Multinodular Coiter
2-14 Clinical Manifestations of Hypothyroidism
in Adults
2-15 Clinical Manifestations of Hypothyroidism
in Adults (cont'd)
2-16 Clinical Manifestations of Hypothyroidism
in Adults(cont'd)
2-17 Congenital Hypothyroidism
2-18 Euthyroid Goiter
2-19 Gross Pathology of Coiter
2-20 Etiology of Nontoxic Goiter
2-21 Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis and
Fibrous Thyroiditis
2-22 Subacute Thyroiditis
2-23 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
2-24 Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
2-25 Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
2-26 Hurthle Cell Thyroid Carcinoma
2-27 Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
2-28 Tumors Metastatic to the Thyroid
SECTION 3
ADRENAL
3-1 Development of the Adrenal Clands
3-2 Anatomy and Blood Supply of the Adrenal
Glands
3-3Anatomy and Blood Supply of the Adrenal
Clands(cont'd)
3-4 Innervation of the Adrenal Clands
3-5 Histology of the Adrenal Clands
3-6 Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Adrenal
Cortical Hormones
3-7 Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Adrenal
Cortical Hormones(cont'd)
3-8 The Biologic Actions of Cortisol
3-9 Cushing Syndrome-Clinical Findings
3-10 Tests Used in the Diagnosis of Cushing
Syndrome
3-11 Cushing Syndrome:Pathophysiology
Cushing Syndrome Caused by Primary
3-12 Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical
Disease
Major Blocks in Abnormal
3-13 Steroidogenesis
3-14 Classic Congenital Adrenal
Hyperplasia
3-15 The Biologic Actions of Adrenal
Androgens
3-16 Adult Androgenital Syndromes
3-17 The Biologic Actions of Aldosterone
3-18 Primary Aldosteronism
3-19 Adrenal Venous Sampling for Primary
Aldosteronism
3-20 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
and Renovascular Hypertension
3-21 Acute Adrenal Failure-Adrenal
Crisis
3-22 Chronic Primary Adrenal Failure-
Addison Disease
3-23 Laboratory Findings and Treatment of
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
3-24 Laboratory Findings and Treatment of
Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency
3-25Adrenal Medulla and Catecholamines
3-26 Catecholamine SynthesisStorage
SecretionMetabolismand
Inactivation
3-27 Pheochromocytoma and
Paraganglioma
3-28 Pheochromocytoma and
Paraganglioma(cont'd)
3-29 Tumors Metastatic to the Adrenal
Clands
SECTION 4
REPRODUCTION
4-1 Differentiation of Conads
4-2 Differentiation of Genital Ducts
4-3Differentiation of External Cenitalia
4-4Testosterone and Estrogen Synthesis
4-5 Normal Puberty
4-6 Normal Puberty(cont'd)
4-7 Normal Puberty (cont'd)
4-8 Normal Puberty(cont'd)
4-9 Precocious Puberty
4-10 Precocious Puberty(cont'd)
4-11 Precocious Puberty(cont'd)
4-12 Disorders of Sex Development
4-13Disorders of Sex Development
(cont'd)
4-14 Disorders of Sex Development
(cont'd)
4-15 Disorders of Sex Development
(cont'd)
4-16 Errors in Chromosomal Sex
4-17 Klinefelter Syndrome
4-18 Turner Syndrome(Gonadal
Dysgenesis)
4-19 Turner Syndrome(Conadal Dysgenesis)
(cont'd)
4-20 Turner Syndrome(Conadal Dysgenesis)
(cont'd)
4-21 Hirsutism and Virilization
4-22 Hirsutism and Virilization (cont'd)
4-23 Influence of Gonadal Hormones on the
Female Reproductive Cycle from Birth to
Old Age
4-24 Functional and Pathologic Causes of
Uterine Bleeding
4-25 Gynecomastia
4-26 Galactorrhea
SECTION 5
PANCREAS
5-1 Pancreas Anatomy and Histology
5-2 Exocrine Functions of the Pancreas
5-3Normal Histology of Pancreatic
Islets
5-4 Insulin Secretion
5-5 Actions of Insulin
5-6 Clycolysis
5-7 Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
5-8 Clycogen Metabolism
5-9 Consequences of Insulin Deprivation
5-10 Diabetic Ketoacidosis
5-11 Type l Diabetes Mellitus
5-12 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
5-13Diabetic Retinopathy
5-14 Complications of Proliferative Diabetic
Retinopathy
5-15 Diabetic Nephropathy
5-16 Diabetic Neuropathy
5-17 Atherosclerosis in Diabetes
5-18 Vascular Insufficiency in Diabetes:The
Diabetic Foot
5-19 Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy
5-20 Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus
5-21 Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
Mellitus
5-22 Insulinoma
5-23 Primary Pancreatic β-Cell Hyperplasia
SECTION 6
BONE AND CALCIUM
6-1 Histology of the Normal Parathyroid
Clands
6-2 Physiology of the Parathyroid Clands
6-3 Bone Remodeling Unit
6-4 Pathophysiology of Primary
Hyperparathyroidism
6-5 Pathology and Clinical Manifestations of
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
6-6 Tests for the Differential Diagnosis of the
Causes of Hypercalcemia
6-7 Renal Osteodystrophy
6-8 Renal Osteodystrophy:Bony
Manifestations
6-9 Histology of the Parathyroid Clands in
Hyperparathyroidism
6-10 Pathophysiology of
Hypoparathyroidism
6-11 Clinical Manifestations of Acute
Hypocalcemia
6-12 Pathophysiology of
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
6-13 Clinical Manifestations of
Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type la
6-14 Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis
6-15 Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal
Women
6-16 Osteoporosis in Men
6-17 Clinical Manifestations of Osteoporotic
Vertebral Compression Fractures
6-18 Nutritional-Deficiency Rickets and
Osteomalacia
6-
Pseudovitamin D-Deficiency Rickets and
Osteomalacia
6-20 Hypophosphatemic Rickets
6-21 Clinical Manifestations of Rickets in
Childhood
6-22 Clinical Manifestations of Osteomalacia in
Adults
6-23 Paget Disease of the Bone
6-24 Pathogenesis and Treatment of Paget
Disease of the Bone
6-25 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
6-26 Osteogenesis Imperfecta(cont'd)
6-27 Hypophosphatasia
SECTION 7
LIPIDS AND NUTRITION
7-1 Cholesterol Synthesis and
Metabolism
7-2 Gastrointestinal Absorption of Cholesterol
and Triglycerides
7-3 Regulation of Low-Density Lipoprotein
Receptor and Cholesterol Content
7-4 High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and
Reverse Cholesterol Transport
7-5 Hypercholesterolemia
7-6 Hypercholesterolemic Xanthomatosis
7-7 Hypercholesterolemic Xanthomatosis
(cont'd)
7-8 Abetalipoproteinemia and Tangier
Disease
7-9 Hypertriglyceridemia
7-10 Clinical Manifestations of
Hypertriglyceridemia
7-11 Clinical Manifestations of
Hypertriglyceridemia (cont'd)
7-12 Atherosclerosis
7-13 Atherosclerosis(cont'd)
7-14 Atherosclerosis Risk Factors
7-15 Metabolic Syndrome
7-16 Mechanisgg of Action of Lipid-Lowering
Agents
7-17 Treatment of Hyperlipidemia
7-18 Absorption of Essential Vitamins
7-19 Vitamin B:Deficiency:Beriberi
7-20 Vitamin B3 Deficiency:Pellagra
7-21 Vitamin C Deficiency:Scurvy
7-22 Vitamin A Deficiency
7-23Celiac Disease and Malabsorption
7-24 Lysosomal Storage Disorders:
Sphingolipidoses
7-25 Anorexia Nervosa
7-26 Obesity
7-27 Surgical Treatment Options for
Obesity
SECTION 8
GENETICS AND ENDOCRINE
NEOPLASIA
8-1 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
Type 1
8-2 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
Type 2
8-3Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
Type 2(cont'd)
8-4Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
8-5 Neurofibromatosis Type 1(von
Recklinghausen Disease)
8-6Clinical Manifestations of
Autoimmune Polyglandular
Syndrome Type 1
8-7 Carcinoid Syndrome
GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
INDEX
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