Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Linguistics 1.1.1 Definition of linguistics 1.1.2 Linguistics versus traditional grammar 1.1.3 Use of studying linguistics 1.1.4 Scope of linguistics 1.2 Language 1.2.1 Definition of language 1.2.2 Origin of language 1.2.3 Design features of language 1.2.4 Functions of language 1.3 Some Major Concepts in Linguistics 1.3.1 Descriptive and prescriptive grammars 1.3.2 Synchronic and diachronic linguistics 1.3.3 Langue and parole 1.3.4 Competence and performance 1.3.5 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations 1.3.6 Functionalism and formalism Exercises and Discussion Questions Sources and Suggestions for Further Reading Supplementary Readings Chapter 2 The Sounds of Language 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Phonetics 2.2.1 Articulators and their functions 2.2.2 Voiced and voiceless sounds 2.2.3 Nasal and oral sounds 2.2.4 Classification of English speech sounds 2.2.4.1 English consonants 2.2.4.2 English vowels 2.2.5 Variations of sounds 2.2.5.1 Liaison 2.2.5.2 Elision and assimilation 2.3 Phonology 2.3.1 Phonemes: the phonological units of language 2.3.2 Minimal pairs and sets 2.3.3 Free variation 2.3.4 Distinctive features 2.3.5 Syllables and consonant clusters 2.3.6 Suprasegmental features 2.3.6.1 Stress 2.3.6.2 Intonation Exercises and Discussion Questions Sources and Suggestions for Further Reading Supplementary Readings Chapter 3 Morphology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Morphemes 3.2.1 Free morphemes 3.2.2 Bound morphemes
3.3 Morphs and Allomorphs 3.4 Types of Word Formation 3.4.1 Compounding 3.4.2 Derivation 3.4.3 Other ways of word formation 3.4.3.1 Conversion …… Chapter 4 Syntax Chapter 5 Semantics Chapter 6 Pragmatics Chapter 7 Discourse Analysis Chapter 8 Sociolinguistics Chapter 9 Psycholinguistics Chapter 10 Cognitive Linguistics Chapter 11 Language Acquisition Chapter 12 Applied Linguistics Glossary Index
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