Introduction Chapter 1 Building Blocks and Structure 1.1 Atoms and Ions 1.1.1 Subatomic Particles 1.1.2 Atomic Constituents of Life 1.1.3 Ions 1.2 Molecules Essential for Life 1.2.1 Water 1.2.2 Proteins 1.2.3 Lipids 1.2.4 Carbohydrates 1.2.5 Cholesterol 1.2.6 Nucleic Acid 1.3 What Is Life? 1.3.1 Requirements for Life 1.3.2 Domains of Life 1.3.3 Characteristics of Living Cells 1.3.4 Structure of Living Cells 1.3.5 Boundary of Life Chapter 2 Living State Interactions 2.1 Forces and Molecular Bonds 2.1.1 Ionic Bonds 2.1.2 Covalent Bonds 2.1.3 Hydrogen Bonds 2.1.4 Van der Waal Forces 2.2 Electric and Thermal Interactions 2.3 Electric Dipoles 2.3.1 Polarization and Induced Dipoles 2.4 Casimir Interactions 2.5 Domains of Physics in Biology Exercises Chapter 3 Heat Transfer in Biomaterials 3.1 Heat Transfer Mechanisms 3.1.1 Conduction 3.1.2 Convection 3.1.3 Radiation 3.2 The Heat Equation 3.2.1 Transient Heat Flow 3.2.2 Steady State Heat Flow 3.3 Joule Heating of Tissue Exercises Chapter 4 Living State Thermodynamics 4.1 Thermodynamic Equilibrium 4.2 First Law of Thermodynamics and Conservation of Energy 4.3 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 4.3.1 Does Life Violate the Second Law? 4.3.2 Measures of Entropy? 4.3.3 Free Expansion of a Gas 4.4 Physics of Many Particle Systems 4.4.1 How Boltzmann Factors in Biology
4.4.2 Canonical Partition Function 4.4.3 Average Energy 4.4.4 Entropy and Free Energy 4.4.5 Heat Capacity 4.5 Two-State Systems 4.6 Continuous Energy Distribution 4.7 Composite Systems 4.7.1 DNA Stretching 4.8 Casimir Contribution to the Free Energy 4.8.1 Lipid Bilayer Tubes 4.8.2 Rouleax 4.9 Protein Folding and Unfolding 4.9.1 Protein Unfolding 4.9.2 Levinthal's Paradox 4.9.3 Energy Landscape Chapter 5 Open Systems and Chemical Thermodynamics Chapter 6 Diffusion and Transport Chapter 7 Fluids Chapter 8 Bioenergetics and Molecular Motors Chapter 9 Passive Electrical Properties of Living Cells Chapter 10 Nerve Conduction Chapter 11 Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials Chapter 12 Biomagnetism Chapter 13 Nonlinearity and Chaos in Biological Systems Chapter 14 Fractals and Complexity in the Life Sciences Chapter 15 Life and the Universe Appendix 1: Mathematical Formulas Appendix 2: Overview of MATLAB Appendix 3: Derivation of the Heat Equation Appendix 4: Derivation of Shannon's Entropy Formula Appendix 5: Thermodynamic Identifies Appendix 6: Kramers-Kronig Transformations Appendix 7: Solution to the One-Dimensional Schr6dinger Equation Appendix 8: Biophysical Applications of QuickField Appendix 9: Biological Material Properties Appendix 10: Solutions of the Linearized Poisson-Boltzmann Equation References and Further Reading Index
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