目錄
Foreword
Preface
I Thermodynamics
1. Equilibrium and State Quantities
Introduction
Systems, phases and state quantities
Equilibrium and temperature the zeroth law of thermodynamics
Kinetic theory of the ideal gas
Pressure, work and chemical potential
Heat and heat capacity
The equation of state for a real gas
Specific heat
Changes of state--reversible and irreversible processes
Exact and inexact differentials, line integrals
2. The Laws of Thermodynamics
The first law
Carnot's process and entropy
Entropy and the second law
Insertion: Microscopic interpretation of entropy and of the second law
Global and local equilibrium
Thermodynamic engines
Euler's equation and the Gibbs-Duhem relation
3. Phase Transitions and Chemical Reactions
Gibbs' Phase Rule
Phase equilibrium and the Maxwell construction
The law of mass action
Application of the laws of thermodynamics
4. Thermodynamic Potentials
The principle of maximum entropy
Entropy and energy as thermodynamic potentials
The Legendre transformation
The free energy
The cnthalpy
The free enthalpy
The grand potential
The transformation of all variables
The Maxwell relations
Jacobi transformations
Thermodynamic stability
II Statistical Mechanics
5. Number of Microstates Ω and Entropy S
Foundations
Phase space
Statistical definition of entropy
Gibbs' paradox
Pseudo quantum mechanical counting of Ω
6. Ensemble Theory and Microcanonical Ensemble
Phase-space density, ergodic hypothesis
Liouville's theorem
The microcanonical ensemble
Entropy as an ensemble average
The uncertainty function
7. The Canonical Ensemble
General foundation of the Gibbs correction factor
Systems of noninteracting particles
Calculation of observables as ensemble averages
Connection between microcanonical and canonical ensembles
Fluctuations
Vh-ial theorem and equipartition theorem
For better understanding: canonical ensemble as the mean value of all
possible distributions
8. Applications of Boltzmann Statistics
Quantum Systems in Boltzmann Statistics
Paramagnetism
Negative temperatures in two-level systems
Gases with internal degrees of freedom
Relativistic ideal gas
9. The Macrocanonical Ensemble
Fluctuations in the macrocanonical ensemble
III Quantum Statistics
10. Density Operators
Fundamentals
Pure and mixed states
Properties of the density matrix
The density operators of quantum statistics
11. The Symmetry Character of Many-Particle Wavefunctions
12. Grand Canonical Description of Ideal Quantum Systems
13. The Ideal Bose Gas
Ultrarelativistic Bose gas
14. Ideal Fermi Gas
The degenerate Fermi gas
Supplement: Natural units
15. Applications of Relativistic Bose and Fermi Gases
Quark-gluon plasma in the Big Bang and in heavy-ion collisions
IV Real Gases and Phase Transitions
16. Real Gases
For absorption: Mayer's cluster expansion
Virial expansion
17. Classification of Phase Transitions
Theorem of corresponding states
Critical indices
Examples for phase transitions
18. The Models of Ising and Helsenberg
Index
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