目錄
Preface
Acknowledgements
Notational conventions
Note added in proof: the discovery of the top quark (?)
Note added in proof: the demise of the SSC
18 Determination of the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix
18.1 KM matrix elements from β-decay reactions
18.2 KM matrix elements from deep inelastic scattering
18.3 SuInmary
19 Mixing and CP violation
19.1 General phenomenology of mixing and CP violation
19.1.1 General formalism for mixing
19.1.2 General formalism for CP violation
19.1.3 Practical aspects of mixing and CP violation
19.2 Detailed phenomenology of CP violation in the K0-K0 system
19.2.1 Formalism and summary of data
19.2.2 Relation between phenomenological parameters and the CP-violating Hamiltonian
19.3 DynAmics of mixing and CP violation
19.3.1 Connection with the SM (weak) Hamiltonian
19.3.2 Estimate for e in the SM
19.3.3 Estimate of ε'/ε in the SM
19.3.4 Summary on e and ε' in the K0-K0 system
19.4 Dynamics of B0-B0 mixing
19.4.1 Mixing ignoring CP violation
19.4.2 CP violation in the B~-B~ system
20 Regularization, renormalization and introduction to the renormalization group
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Parameters and physical observables in a field theory
20.3 The idea of renormalization
20.4 Choice of cut-off procedure regularization
20.5 Choice of renormalization scheme
20.5.1 The momentum point subtraction (MPS) scheme
20.5.2 Renormalization schemes specifically linked to dimensional regularization (DR)
20.6 The renormalization group
20.7 A concrete example of different renormalization schemes
20.8 Consequences of the renormalization group equation
20.9 Scaling and asymptotic freedom
20.10 Appendix to Chapter 20
20.10.1 Definition of a d-dimensional integral
20.10.2 Questions of convergence and analytic continuation
20.10.3 Some useful d-dimensional integrals
20.10.4 Regularization of the 4-point vertex in φ4 theory
21 Gauge theories, QCD and the renormalization group
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Gauge theories: QED
21.2.1 Retaining Maxwell's equations for the field operators
21.2.2 Modifying Maxwell's equations for the field operators
21.3 Gauge theories: QCD
21.3.1 Differences between QCD and QED
21.4 Feynman rules for QCD
21.4.1 The propagators
21.4.2 The vertices
21.5 The renormalization group for QCD
21.5.1 Specification of the renormalization scheme in QCD
21.5.2 Consequences of the renormalization group in QCD
21.6 The effect of heavy quarks
21.7 The running coupling in QCD
21.7.1 Renormalization scheme dependence of a and A
21.8 Conclusion
22 Applications of the QCD renormalization group
22.1 e+e- → hadrons
22.2 Deep inelastic lepton scattering
22.2.1 The operator product expansion
22.2.2 Relating coefficient functions to moments of structure functions
22.2.3 Renormalization group analysis of coefficient functions
22.2.4 q2 dependence of the moments in leading order
22.2.5 An interpretation of the Q2 variation of parton distributions in leading logarithmic approximation
22.2.6 q2 dependence of the moments in higher order
22.2.7 Conclusion
23 The parton model in QCD
23.1 Partons in a field theoretic context
23.1.1 Heuristic reinterpretation of simple Feynman diagrams
23.1.2 Application to QCD
23.1.3 The parton model in field theory
23.2 QCD corrections to the parton model
23.2.1 Redefinition of fq/h
23.2.2 Collinear singularities--their physical origin
23.3 Structure of the leading logarithmic terms
23.4 Q2-dependent distribution functions
23.5 Summary of the evolution equations in LLA
23.6 Small x behaviour of the Q2-dependent gluon distribution in LLA
23.7 Behaviour of distributions as z → 1 in LLA
23.8 Beyond the LLA
23.9 Comparison with experiment in deep inelastic scattering
23.10 General form of the QCD-improved patton model
23.11 QCD corrections to Drell-Yan and W production
23.11.1 Drell-Yan production
23.11.2 Transverse momentum distribution of Drell-Yan pairs
23.11.3 Hadronic production of W and Z0
23.11.4 Transverse momentum distribution of W and Z0
23.12 Summary
24 Large Pr phenomena and jets in hadronic reactions
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Historical survey. Hard qq scattering
24.3 From quarks to hadrons
24.3.1 Inclusive reactions
24.3.2 Exclusive reactions
24.4 Comments on the QCD interpretation of large Pr phenomena
24.4.1 Evidence for jets
24.4.2 Inclusive jet production
24.4.3 Transverse momentum distribution with respect to the jet axis
24.5 Two-jet production at large Pr
24.5.1 Jet angular distribution
24.5.2 Tests of the Q2 evolution
24.5.3 Hadronic interactions at large Pr revisited
24.6 Prompt photons
24.7 Two and more jets in the final state
24.8 Jet fragmentation
24.9 Comments on O(a3) corrections and conclusions
25 Jets and hadrons in e+e- physics
25.1 Introduction
25.2 General outline of e+e- jets
25.2.1 Angular distribution of hadrons produced in e+e- collisions
25.3 SPEAR two-jet events
25.3.1 Sphericity
25.3.2 Jet axis
25.3.3 Corrections to e+e- → hadrons: multijets
25.4 Planar events: evidence for three jets
25.5 Tests ot'QCD up to LEP energies
25.6 The total hadronic width at the Z0
25.7 Basic Monte Carlo formulations
25.8 QCD Monte Carlo programs
25.8.1 The perturbative phase
25.8.2 The hadronization phase
25.9 Multiplicity
25.10 Global event-shape analysis
25.11 Jet definition or recombination schemes
25.12 Particle flow patterns in 3-jet events
25.13 To what extent is QCD being tested?
26 Low Pr or 'soft' hadronic physics
26.1 The total and elastic cross-sections
26.2 The differential cross-section
26.3 The real to imaginary ratio
26.4 The inclusive PT distribution
26.5 Diffractive dissociation
26.6 The average multiplicity
26.7 The multiplicity distribution of charged particles
26.8 Conclusions
Note added in proof: the real to imaginary ratio, d, in pp elastic scattering
27 Some non-perturbative aspects of gauge theories
27.1 QCD sum rules
27.2 Lattice approach to QCD
27.3 The vacuum in quantum mechanics and instantons
27.3.1 An example in one-dimensional motion
27.4 The QCD vacuum and instantons
27.4.1 Degenerate vacua in classical field theory
27.4.2 The 8-vacuum in QCD
27.5 Strong CP violation and the U(1) problem
27.6 Baryon and lepton non-conservations: sphalerons
27.6.1 Degenerate vacua in the SM
27.6.2 Baryon and lepton numbers of the vacua
27.6.3 The sphaleron
28 Beyond the standard model
28.1 Introduction
28.2 The 'missing links' of the SM
28.3 Criticisms of the SM
28.3.1 The U(1) and 8 problems
28.3.2 Parameter counting
28.4 Grand unification theories (GUT)
28.5 Compositeness
28.6 Supersymmetry and supergravity
Appendix 1: Elements of field theory
A1.1 Fields and creation operators
A1.2 Parity, charge conjugation and G-parity
A1.2.1 Parity
A1.2.2 Charge conjugation
A1.2.3 G-parity
A1.3 The S-matrix
Appendix 2: Feynman rules for QED, QCD and the SM
A2.1 Relation between S-matrix and Feynman amplitude
A2.2 QCD and QED
A2.3 The SM
A2.4 Some examples of Feynman amplitudes
A2.5 Colour sums
A2.6 The Gell-Mann SU(3) matrices
A2.7 The Fierz reshuffle theorem
A2.8 Dimension of matrix elements
Appendix 3: Conserved vector currents and their charges
Appendix 4: Operator form of Feynman amplitudes and effective Hamiltonians
Appendix 5: S-matrix, T-matrix and Feynman amplitude
Appendix 6: Consequences of CPT invariance for matrix elements
Appendix 7: Formulae for the basic partonic 2 → 2 processes
A7.1 Reactions with only quarks and gluons
A7.1.1 Comparison of paxton cross-section at 90°
A7.2 Reactions with one photon
A7.3 Reactions with two photons
Appendix 8: Euclidean space conventions
References
Analytic subject index for vols. 1 and2
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