目錄
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
Notation
1 The particle physicist's view of Nature
1.1Introduction
1.2 The construction of the Standard Model
1.3 Leptons
1.4 Quarks and systems of quarks
1.5 Spectroscopy of systems of light quarks
1.6 More quarks
1.7 Quark colour
1.8 Electron scattering from nucleons
1.9 Particle accelerators
1.10 Units
2 Lorentz transformations
2.1 Rotations, boosts and proper Lorentz transformations
2.2 Scalars, contravariant and covariant four-vectors
2.3 Fields
2.4 The Levi-Civita tensor
2.5 Time reversal and space inversion
3 The Lagrangian formulation of mechanics
3.1 Hamilton's principle
3.2 Conservation of energy
3.3 Continuous systems
3.4 A Lorentz covariant field theory
3.5 The Klein-Gordon equation
3.6 The energy-momentum tensor
3.7 Complex scalar fields
4 Classical electromagnetism
4.1 Maxwell's equations
4.2 A Lagrangian density for electromagnetism
4.3 Gauge transformations
4.4 Solutions of Maxwell's equations
4.5 Space inversion
4.6 Charge conjugation
4.7 Intrinsic angular momentum of the photon
4.8 The energy density of the electromagnetic field
4.9 Massive vector fields
5 The Dirac equation and the Dirac field
5.1 The Dirac equation
5.2 Lorentz transformations and Lorentz invariance
5.3 The parity transformation
5.4 Spinors
5.5 The matrices γ
5.6 Making the Lagrangian density real
6 Free space solutions of the Dirac equation
6.1 A Dirac particle at rest
6.2 The intrinsic spin of a Dirac particle
6.3 Plane waves and helicity
6.4 Negative energy solutions
6.5 The energy and momentum of the Dirac field
6.6 Dirac and Majorana fields
6.7 The E ] ] m limit, neutrinos
7 Electrodynamics
7.1 Probability density and probability current
7.2 The Dirac equation with an electromagnetic field
7.3 Gauge transformations and symmetry
7.4 Charge conjugation
7.5 The electrodynamics of a charged scalar field
7.6 Particles at low energies and the Dirac magnetic moment
8 Quantising fields: QED
8.1 Boson and fermion field quantisation
8.2 Time dependence
8.3 Perturbation theory
8.4 Renornmalisation and renormalisable field theories
8.5 The magnetic moment of the electron
8.6 Quantisation in the Standard Model
9 The weak interaction: !ow energy phenomenology
9.1 Nuclear beta decay
9.2 Pion decay
9.3 Conservation of lepton number
9.4 Muon decay
9.5The interactions of muon neutrinos with electrons
10 Symmetry breaking in model theories
10.1 Global symmetry breaking and Goldstone bosons
10.2 Local symmetry breaking and the Higgs boson
11 Massive gauge fields
11.1 SU(2) symmetry
11.2 The gauge fields
11.3 Breaking the SU(2) symmetry
11.4 Identification of the fields
12 The Weinberg--Salam electroweak theory for leptons
12.1 Lepton doublets and the Weinberg-Salam theory
12.2 Lepton coupling to the W
12.3 Lepton coupling to the Z
12.4 Conservation of lepton number and conservation of charge
12.5 CP symmetry
12.6 Mass terms in : an attempted generalisation
13 Experimental tests of the Weinberg--Salam theory
13.1 The search for the gauge bosons
13.2 The W bosons
13.3 The Z boson
13.4 The number of lepton families
13.5 The measurement of partial widths
13.6 Left-right production cross-section asymmetry and lepton decay asymmetry of the Z boson
14 The electromagnetic and weak interactions of quarks
14.1 Construction of the Lagrangian density
14.2 Quark masses and the Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix
14.3 The parameterisation of the KM matrix
14.4 CP symmetry and the KM matrix
14.5 The weak interaction in the low energy limit
15 The hadronic decays of the Z and W bosons
15.1 Hadronic decays of the Z
15.2 Asymmetry in quark production
15.3 Hadronic decays of the W
16 The theory of strong interactions: quantum chromodynamics
16.1 A local SU(3) gauge theory
16.2 Colour gauge transformations on baryons and mesons
16.3 Lattice QCD and asymptotic freedom
16.4 The quark-antiquark interaction at short distances
16.5 The conservation of quarks
16.6 Isospin symmetry
16.7 Chiral symmetry
17 Quantum chromodynamics: calculations
17.1 Lattice QCD and confinement
17.2 Lattice QCD and hadrons
17.3 Perturbative QCD and deep inelastic scattering
17.4 Perturbative QCD and e+e- collider physics
18 The Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix
18.1 Leptonic weak decays of hadrons
18.2 |Vud| andnuclear 13 decay
18.3 More leptonic decays
18.4 CP symmetry violation in neutral kaon decays
18.5 B meson decays and Bo, Bo mixing
18.6 The CPTtheorem
19 Neutrino masses and mixing
19.1 Neutrino masses
19.2 The weak currents
19.3 Neutrino oscillations
19.4 The MSW effect
19.5 Neutrino masses and the Standard Moael
19.6 Parameterisation of U
19.7 Lepton number conservation
19.8 Sterile neutrinos
20 Neutrino masses and mixing: experimental results
20.1 Introduction
20.2 K2K
20.3 Chooz
20.4 KamLAND
20.5 Atmospheric neutrinos
20.6 Solar neutrinos
20.7 Solar MSW effects
20.8 Future prospects
21 Majorana neutrinos
21.1 Majorana neutrino fields
21.2 Majorana Lagrangian density
21.3 Majorana field equations
21.4 Majorana neutrinos: mixing and oscillations
21.5 Parameterisation of U
21.6 Majorana neutrinos in the Standard Model
21.7 The seesaw mechanism
21.8 Are neutrinos Dirac or Majorana?
22 Anomalies
22.1 The Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly
22.2 Cancellation of anomalies in electroweak currents
22.3 Lepton and baryon anomalies
22.4 Gauge transformations and the topological number
22.5 The instability of matter, and matter genesis
Epilogue
Reductionism complete?
Appendix A An aide-memoire on matrices
A.1 Definitions and notation
A.2 Properties of n ~ n matrices
A.3 Hermitian and unitary matrices
A.4 A Fierz transformation
Appendix B The groups of the Standard Model
B.1 Definition of a group
B.2 Rotations of the coordinate axes, and the group SO(3)
B.3 The group SU(2)
B.4 The group SL (2,C) and the proper Lorentz group
B.5 Transformations of the Pauli matrices
B.6 Spinors
B.7 The group SU(3)
Appendix C Annihilation and creation operators
C.1 The simple harmonic oscillator
C.2 An assembly of bosons
C.3 An assembly of fermions
Appendix D The parton model
D.1 Elastic electron scattering from nucleons
D.2 Inelastic electron scattering from nucleons: the parton model
D.3 Hadronic states
Appendix E Mass matrices and mixing
E.1 Ko and Ko
E.2 Bo and Bo
References
Hints to selected problems
Index
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