Introduction Chapter One A Survey of Ecocriticism 1.1 The Background of Ecocriticism 1.2 The Birth and Growth of Ecocriticism 1.3 The Definition of Ecocriticism 1.4 The Theoretical Connotation of Ecocriticism 1.4.1 The Theoretical Resources of Ecocriticism 1.4.2 Summary of the Theoretical Connotation of Ecocriticism 1.5 The Critical Strategy and Critical Methodology of Ecocriticism 1.6 The Significance of Ecocriticism Chapter Two The Origin of Thoreau's Ecological Ideas 2.1 Concord--The Living Environment of Thoreau's Childhood 2.2 The Tradition of Concord and American Culture 2.3 The Influence of American Transcendentalism 2.4 The Influence of American Indian Culture 2.5 The Influence of Oriental Culture Chapter Three Thoreau's Reflection on Natural Ecology 3.1 Highlighting the Existence of Nature: Depiction of Nature's Instrumental Value 3.1.1 The Aesthetic Value of Nature 3.1.2 The Recreational Value of Nature 3.2 Dismantling the Dichotomy between Man and Nature: Depiction of Nature's Inherent Value 3.2.1 The Multiplicity of Nature 3.2.2 The Subjectivity of Nature 3.3 Re-constructing the Relationship between Nature and Man:Harmony between Them 3.3.1 Nature as Mother of Humanity, and as an Interdependent and Interconnected Organic Whole 3.3.2 Man as Part of Nature 3.3.3 The Harmonious Interaction between Nature and Human Chapter Four Thoreau's Concern over Social Ecology 4.1 Critique of the Hierarchical Domination of Society 4.1.1 Critique of the Slavery System 4.1.2 Thoreau's Anti-War Stance 4.2 Attitude towards Science: Combination ofScience with Poetry 4.2.1 Critique of the Limitations of Science 4.2.2 Attributing Poetic Color to Scientific Method 4.3 Balanced Development between Nature and Civilization Chapter Five Thoreau's Meditation upon Spiritual Ecology 5.1 A Brief Discussion of the Terms of Spirit and Spiritual Ecology 5.2 Critique of People's Swelling Avarice for Material Things 5.3 Cultivation of Spiritual Ecology 5.3.1 Emphasis on Spiritual Aspiration 5.3.2 Advocacy of Harmony between People's Physical and Spiritual Life 5.4 The Interaction between Spiritual and Natural Ecology 5.4.1 Preserving Rather Than Devastating Nature 5.4.2 Revering and Appreciating Rather Than Ignoring Nature Conclusion Works Cited Postscript
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