Chapter 1 Introduction to Stem Cell Biology 第一章 幹細胞生物學概述 1 Stem Cell Research Timeline--Highlights 1.1 Stem Cell Research History 1.2 The Turning Point in Stem Cell Therapy 2 Introduction of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells 3 Types and Origin of Stem Cell 3.1 Stem Cell Classification Based on Differentiation Potential 3.2 Stem Cell Classification Based on Origin 4 Stem Cells and Their Niches 5 Application of Stem Cells 5.1 Stem Cells Used in Regenerative Medicine 5.2 Stem Cells for Drug Screening and Development in Laboratory 5.3 A Muhidisciplinary Field 6 Challenges and Requirements Supplement References Chapter 2 Isolation and Identification of Stem Cells 第二章 幹細胞的分離與鑒定 1 Embryonic Stem Cells 1.1 Genetic Modification Approaches and Potential Applications 1.2 Methods for Genetic Manipulation 2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells 2.1 Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Adipose Tissue 2.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Bone Marrow 3 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells 3.1 Integrating Vectors 3.2 Non-DNA Reprogramming 4 Aduit Neural Stem Ceils 4.1 Neural Stem Cells：Origins and Functions 4.2 AduIt Brains Can Generate New Neurons 4.3 AduIt Neural Stem Cells：Implications for Therapy 5 Experimental Method 5.1 Materials 5.2 Methods Supplement References Chapter 3 Stem Cells and Human Diseases 第三章 幹細胞與人類疾病 1 Stem Cell Therapy for Neurological Disorders 1.1 Neural Stem Cells 1.2 Hematopoietic Stem Cells 1.3 Mesenchymal Stem Cells 2 Stem Cell Therapy in Heart Diseases 2.1 Stem Cell—Based Therapies 2.2 Brief Summary 3 Stem Cell Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus 3.1 B-Cell Replacement 3.2 Embryonic Stem Cells 3.3 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells 3.4 Mesenchymal Stem Cells 3.5 Brief Summary 4 Stem Cell Therapy in Osteoarthritis
4.1 Stem Cell Therapy 4.2 Route of Administration 5 Stem Cell Therapy in Wound Healing 5.1 Stages of Wound 5.2 Chronic Wounds 5.3 Types of Stem Cells 5.4 Brief Summary Supplement References Chapter 4 Stem Cell／Stem Cell Niche and Tissue Regeneration 第四章 幹細胞／幹細胞微環境與組織再生 1 Introduction to Stem Cell Niche 1.1 Definition 1.2 Components of the Niche 1.3 Niche Factors 1.4 Recap 2 Introduction to Tissue Engineering for Regeneration Medicine 2.1 Manipulating of the Niche for Regenerative 2.2 The Design of Stem Cell Niche 2.3 Synthetic Niches in Vivo 2.4 Ligand Immobilization 2.5 Tissue Engineering 2.6 Scaffold 2.7 Question Supplement Rerefences Chapter 5 Cancer Stem Cells 第五章 腫瘤幹細胞 1 Introduction to Cancer Stem Cells 1.1 Definition 1.2 Characteristics 1.3 Mechanism of Cancer Stem Cell Resistance to Therapy 1.4 Origin of Cancer Stem Cells 1.5 Characterize Cancer Stem Cells 1.6 Cancer Stem Cells Markers 1.7 Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells 1.8 The Correlation Between Cancer Stem Cells.Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Vasculogenic Mimicy Formation 2 The Cancer Stem Cell Niche 2.1 Niche Components 2.2 Niche Fartots 2.3 Cancer Stem CeUs Derived from Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells When Exposed to a Malignant Niche 2.4 Importance of Cancer Stem Cell Niche 3 Challenges and Approaches in Cancer Stem Ceils Research 3.1 Challenges 3.2 Approaches in Cancer Stem Cells Research Supplement References Chapter 6 Organoids 第六章 類器官 1 Introduction to Organoids 1.1 Definition 1.2 Development of Organoids 1.3 Origin of Organoids
1.4 The Culture of Organoids 1.5 The Composition of Organoids 1.6 Identification of Organoids 1.7 The Comparison of Organoids with Other Models 2 Applications of Organoids 2.1 Cancer Medicine 2.2 Precision Medicine 2.3 Regenerative Medicine 2.4 Drug Development：Screening and Toxicology 2.5 Disease Modeling 2.6 Basic Research 3 Limitation of Organoids Supplement References Chapter 7 Different Types of Organoids 第七章 不同類型的類器官 1 Different Types of Organoids 2 Patient-Derived Human Liver Cancers Organoids 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Framework of the Article References Chapter 8 Extracellular Vesicles 第八章 細胞外囊泡 l Introduction 1.1 Definition 1.2 Characteristics 2 Biogenesis 3 Classification 4 Composition 4.1 Proteins 4.2 Lipids 4.3 Nucleic Acids 5 Biological Functions 5.1 Immunoregulation 5.2 Tumorigenesis 5.3 Angiogenesis 5.4 Neuroregulation 6 Application 6.1 Drug Delivery 6.2 Therapeutic Tools 6.3 Inhibiting Extracellular Vesicles in Disease 7 Looking Forward Supplement References Chapter 9 Genome Editing and Gene Therapy第九章 基因編輯與基因治療 1 Human Genome and Human Diseases 1.1 Introduction to Genes and Diseases 1.2 Monogenic Diseases 1.3 Polygenic Diseases 1.4 Acquired Genetic Diseases 2 The Development History and Classification of Gene Therapy 2.1 Definition of Gene Therapy
2.2 The Development Process of Gene Therapy in the Past 30 Years 2.3 Advances in Gene Editing Technology Have Given a Boost to Gene Therapy 2.4 Gene Therapy Strategies 2.5 Classification of Gene Therapy 2.6 The Main Application of Gene Therapy in Cancer 2.7 Application of Gene Therapy in the Field of Rare Diseases 2.8 The Problems and Challenges of Gene Therapy 2.9 Prospects for Gene Therapy 3 Genome Editing 3.1 Definition of Genome Editing 3.2 Application of Genome Editing 3.3 Genome Editing 1.0: ZFN Tool 3.4 Genome Editing 2.0: TALEN Tool 3.5 Genome Editing 3.0:CRISPR/Cas9 Tool 3.6 How Does Genome Editing Work 3.7 Types of Genome Editing 3.8 The Future of Gene Therapy Supplement References
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